Le point sur la recherche

Consommation d'alcool et grossesse : Une importante question sociale et de santé publique au Canada

[Précédent] [Table des matières]

Références

1. Legge, C., G. Roberts, M. Butler (2001). Analyse de la situation : Syndrome d'alcoolisme foetal / effets de l'alcool sur le foetus et les effets des autres drogues pendant la grossesse. Ottawa : Santé Canada.

2. Cormier, R.A., C.A. Dell, N. Poole (2003). Rapport sur la situation de la santé des femmes : Une vue multidirectionnelle sur la santé des femmes canadiennes. Ottawa: Institut canadien d'information sur la santé.

3. Santé Canada (1996). Déclaration conjointe : Prévention du syndrome de l'alcoolisme foetal (SAF) et des effets de l'alcoolisme foetal (EAF) au Canada. Ottawa: Santé Canada.

4. US Department of Health and Human Services, US Department of Agriculture (2000). Nutrition and Your Health: Dietary Guidelines for Americans. 5th edition. Washington: US Department of Health and Human Services, US Department of Agriculture

5. Chudley, A.E., J. Conry, J.L. Cook, C. Loock, T. Rosales, N. LeBlanc (2005). Ensemble des troubles causés par l'alcoolisation foetale : Lignes directrices canadiennes concernant le diagnostic. Revue de l'Association médicale canadienne. 172 (5 suppl). pp. s1.

6. Chudley, A.E., J. Conry, J.L. Cook, C. Loock, T. Rosales, N. LeBlanc (2005). Ensemble des troubles causés par l'alcoolisation foetale : Lignes directrices canadiennes concernant le diagnostic. Revue de l'Association médicale canadienne. 172 (5 suppl). pp. s1- s-21.

7. Roberts, G. and J. Nanson (2000). Meilleures pratiques : syndrome d'alcoolisme foetal/effets de l'alcool sur le foetus et les effets des autres drogues pendant la grossesse. Ottawa : Santé Canada. p. 4.

8. Agence de la santé publique du Canada (2003). Ensemble des troubles causes par l'alcoolisation foetale (ETCAF) : Un Cadre d'action. Ottawa : Agence de santé publique du Canada.

9. Société canadienne de pédiatrie (2002). “Fetal alcohol syndrome”. Paediatric Child Health. 7(3). pp. 161-174

10. Kowlessar, D.L. (1997). An Examination of the Effect of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure on School-Age Children in a Manitoba First Nations Community. A Study of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Prevalence and Dysmorphology. Université du Manitoba : thèse de maîtrise non publiée.

11. Masotti, P., K. Szala-Meneok, P. Selby, J. Ranford, A. Van Koughnett (2003). “Urban FASD interventions: Bridging the cultural gap between Aboriginal women and primary care physicians”. JFAS Int.e 7. p.1

12. Centre canadien de lutte contre l'alcoolisme et les toxicomanies (CCLAT) (2005). Exposé general sur la prevention de l'ETCAF. ON : CCLAT. http://www.ccsa.ca/CCSA/FR/topics/populations/FASDOverview.htm

13. Chudley, A.E., J. Conry, J.L. Cook, C. Loock, T. Rosales, N. LeBlanc (2005) Ensemble des troubles causés par l'alcoolisation foetale : Lignes directrices canadiennes concernant le diagnostic. Revue de l'Association médicale canadienne. 172 (5 suppl). pp. s1- s-21.

14. Ebrahim, S.H., A.L. Anderson, R.L. Floyd (1999). “Alcohol consumption by reproductive-aged women in the USA: An update on assessment, burden and prevention in the 1990s”. 4. pp.419-430.

15. Eustace, L.W., D. Kang, D. Coombs (2003). “Fetal alcohol syndrome: A growing concern for health care professionals”. JOGNN. 32(2). p. 215-221. 219.

16. Mukherjee, R.A.S., S. Hollins, M.T. Abou-Saleh, J. Turk (2005). “Low level alcohol consumption and the fetus”. BMJ. 330. pp. 375-376.

17. Pepler, D.J., T.E. Moore, M. Motz, M. Leslie (2002). Breaking the Cycle. A Chance for New Beginnings. 1995-2000 Evaluation Report. ON: Breaking the Cycle. p. 18

18. Chang, G. (2001). “Alcohol-screening instruments for pregnant women”. Alcohol Research and Health. 25(3). pp. 204-227.

19. Savage, D.D., M. Becher, A.J. de la Torre, R.J. Sutherland (2002). “Dose-dependent effects of prenatal ethanol exposure on synaptic plasticity and learning in mature offspring”. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 26(11). pp 1752-1758.

20. Sood, B., V. Delaney-Black, C. Covington, B. Nordenstrom-Klee, J. Ager, T. Templin, J. Janisse, S. Martier, R.J. Sokol (2001). “Prenatal alcohol exposure and childhood behavior at age 6 to 7 years: I. Dose-response effect” Pediatrics. 108(2). pp. 1-9. 2.

21. Santé Canada (1996). Déclaration conjointe : Prévention du syndrome de l'alcoolisme foetal (SAF) et des effets de l'alcoolisme foetal (EAF) au Canada. Ottawa: Santé Canada.

22. US Department of Health and Human Services, US Department of Agriculture (2000). Nutrition and Your Health: Dietary Guidelines for Americans. 5th edition. Washington: US Department of Health and Human Services, US Department of Agriculture.

23. Meilleur départ, Motherisk (2005). La consommation d'alcool pendant l'allaitement. http://www.meilleurdépart.org/resources/allaitement/pdf/desk_reference_fre.pdf.

24. Ho, E., A. Collantes, B. Kapur, M. Moretti, G. Koren (2001). “Alcohol and breast feeding: Calculation of time to zero level in milk”. Biology of the Neonate. 80. pp. 219-222.

25. Mennella, J. and C. Gerrish (1998). “Effects of exposure to alcohol in mother's milk on infant sleep”. Pediatrics. Vol. 101, No. 5. p.e2.

26. Stratton et al. (1996). Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Diagnosis, Epidemiology, Prevention and Treatment. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

27. Centre canadien de lutte contre l'alcoolisme et les toxicomanies (2004). L'enquête sur les toxicomanies au Canada : prévalence de l'usage et méfaits lies à l'alcool. Points saillants.Ottawa : Centre canadien de lutte contre l'alcoolisme et les toxicomanies.

28. Cormier, R.A., C.A. Dell, N. Poole (2003). Rapport sur la situation de la santé des femmes : Une vue multidirectionnelle sur la santé des femmes canadiennes. Ottawa : Institut canadien d'information sur la santé.

29. Dell, C.A., and K. Garabedian (2003). Réseau communautaire canadien d'épidémiologie des toxicomanies, Rapport national de 2002 : Les tendances en toxicomanie et le réseau du RRCET. Ottawa : Centre canadien de lutte contre l'alcoolisme et les toxicomanies.

30. Alberta Alcohol and Drug Abuse Commission (2005). Women and Substance Use. AB: AADAC. http://corp.aadac.com/for_women/the_basics_about_women/women_ info_substance_use.asp

31. Centre canadien de lutte contre l'alcoolisme et les toxicomanies (2004). L'enquête sur les toxicomanies au Canada : prévalence de l'usage et méfaits lies à l'alcool. Points saillants. Ottawa : Centre canadien de lutte contre l'alcoolisme et les toxicomanies.

32. Cormier, RA, CA Dell, N Poole (2003). Rapport sur la situation de la santé des femmes : Une vue multidirectionnelle sur la santé des femmes canadiennes. Ottawa : Institut canadien d'information sur la santé. pp. 4, 14, 15.

33. Centre canadien de lutte contre l'alcoolisme et les toxicomanies (2004). L'enquête sur les toxicomanies au Canada : prévalence de l'usage et méfaits lies à l'alcool. Points saillants. Ottawa : Centre canadien de lutte contre l'alcoolisme et les toxicomanies. 31

34. Cormier, R.A., C.A. Dell, N. Poole (2003). Rapport sur la situation de la santé des femmes : Une vue multidirectionnelle sur la santé des femmes canadiennes. Ottawa: Institut canadien d'information sur la santé. 5.

35. Enquête sur les comportements de santé des jeunes d'âge scolaire – Données d'enquête 2001-2002. http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/dca-dea/publications/pdf/hbsc_01_2candat.pdf Le point sur la recherche 2005 93

36. Boyce, W., M. Doherty, D. MacKinnon, C. Fortin (2003). Étude sur la jeunesse, la santé sexuelle, le VIH/sida au Canada : Facteurs influant sur les connaissances sur le VIH et le sida, les attitudes envers la sexualité et le comportement sexuel. ON : Conseil des ministres de l'éducation, Canada.

37. Flanigan, B. et al (1990). “Alcohol use as a situational influence on young women's pregnancy risk-taking behaviours”. Adolescence. 25. pp. 205-214.

38. Cornelius, M., Lebow, H. and Day, N (1997). Attitudes and knowledge about drinking: relationships with drinking behaviour among pregnant teenagers. Journal of Drug Education. 27(3): 231-243.

39. Grant, B.F., Dawson, D.A., (1997). Age of Onset of Alcohol Use and its Association with DSM-IV Alcohol Abuse and Dependence: Results from the National Longitudinal Alcohol Epidemiological Survey. Journal of Substance Abuse, Vol. 9.

40. Communication personnelle, Mary Berube, Edmonton First Steps Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder program, 12 avril 2005.

41. Roberts, G. and J. Nanson (2000). Meilleures pratiques : syndrome d'alcoolisme foetal/effets de l'alcool sur le foetus et les effets des autres drogues pendant la grossesse. Ottawa : Santé Canada. 5.

42. Adlaf, E. and A. Paglia (2003). Drug Use Among Ontario Students. Detailed OSDUS Findings. 1977-2003. ON: Centre de toxicomanie et de santé mentale.

43. Cormier, R.A., C.A. Dell, N. Poole (2003). Rapport sur la situation de la santé des femmes : Une vue multidirectionnelle sur la santé des femmes canadiennes. Ottawa: Institut canadien d'information sur la santé. 5.

44. Centre canadien de lutte contre l'alcoolisme et les toxicomanies (2004). L'enquête sur les toxicomanies au Canada : prévalence de l'usage et méfaits lies à l'alcool. Points saillants.Ottawa : Centre canadien de lutte contre l'alcoolisme et les toxicomanies. 4.

45. Ministre de l'Industrie (2000). Femmes au Canada 2000 : rapport statistique fondé sur le sexe. Ottawa : Statistique Canada. Catalogue no. 89-503-XPE. 62.

46. Kowlessar, D.L. (1997). An Examination of the Effect of Prenatal Alcohol Exposure on School-Age Children in a Manitoba First Nations Community. A Study of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Prevalence and Dysmorphology. Université du Manitoba : thèse de maîtrise non publiée.

47. Roberts, G. and J. Nanson (2000). Meilleures pratiques : syndrome d'alcoolisme foetal/effets de l'alcool sur le foetus et les effets des autres drogues pendant la grossesse.Ottawa : Santé Canada. 5

48. Dell, C.A. and K. Garabedian (2003). Réseau communautaire canadien d'épidémiologie des toxicomanies, Rapport national de 2002 : Les tendances en toxicomanie et le réseau du RRCET. Ottawa : Centre canadien de lutte contre l'alcoolisme et les toxicomanies.

49. Adlaf, E. and A. Paglia (2003). Drug Use Among Ontario Students. Detailed OSDUS Findings. 1977-2003. ON: Centre de toxicomanie et de santé mentale. 59.

50. Roberts, G. and J. Nanson (2000). Meilleures pratiques : syndrome d'alcoolisme foetal/effets de l'alcool sur le foetus et les effets des autres drogues pendant la grossesse. Ottawa : Santé Canada. 5.

51. Roberts, G., D. McCall, A. Stevens-Lavigne, J. Anderson, A. Paglia, S. Bollenbach, J. Wiebe, L. Gliksman (2001). Prévention des problèmes attribuables à la consommation d'alcool et d'autres drogues chez les jeunes – Un compendium des meilleures pratiques.Ottawa : Santé Canada.

52. Rutman, D., M. Callahan, A. Lundquist, S. Jackson, B. Field (2000). Intoxicants et grossesse : la place des femmes enceintes ou en âge de concevoir dans les politiques et le processus d'élaboration de celles-ci.ON: Condition féminine Canada.

53. Poole, N. (2000). Evaluation Report of the Sheway Project for High-Risk Pregnant and Parenting Women. BC: British Columbia Centre of Excellent for Women's Health. 11.

54. Chudley, A.E., J. Conry, J.L. Cook, C. Loock, T. Rosales, N. LeBlanc (2005). Ensemble des troubles causés par l'alcoolisation foetale : Lignes directrices canadiennes concernant le diagnostic. Revue de l'Association médicale canadienne.172 (5 suppl). pp. s1- s-21.

55. Cormier, R.A., C.A. Dell, N. Poole (2003). Rapport sur la situation de la santé des femmes : Une vue multidirectionnelle sur la santé des femmes canadiennes. Ottawa: Institut canadien d'information sur la santé.

56. Hicks, M., R.S. Suave, A.W. Lyon, M. Clarke, S. Tough (2003). “Alcohol use and abuse in pregnancy: An evaluation of the merits of screening”. Canadian Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Review. 77-80.

57. King, J.C. (1997). “Substance abuse in pregnancy: A bigger problem than you think”. Postgraduate Medicine.102(3). pp. 135-150.

58. Poole, N. and B. Isaac (2001). Apprehensions: Barriers to treatment for substanceusing mothers.British Columbia Centre for Women's Health.

59. Morse, B. and E. Hutchins (2000). “Reducing complications from alcohol use during pregnancy through screening”. JAMWA. 55(4). pp 225-228. Le point sur la recherche 2005 95

60. Santé Canada (2003). Rapport sur la santé périnatale au Canada. Ottawa : Ministre de Travaux publics et Services gouvernementaux Canada.

61. Eustace, L.W., D. Kang, D. Coombs (2003). “Fetal alcohol syndrome: A growing concern for health care professionals”. JOGNN. 32(2). p. 215-221. 219.

62. King, J.C. (1997).“Substance abuse in pregnancy: A bigger problem than you think”. Postgraduate Medicine. 102(3). 135-150.

63. Muhajarine, N., C. D'Acy, L. Edouard (1997). “Prevalence and predictors of health risk behaviours during early pregnancy: Saskatoon pregnancy and health study”. Revue canadienne de santé publique. 88(6). pp. 375-379.

64. Day, N., M. Cornelius, L. Goldschmidt (1992). “The effects of prenatal tobacco and marijuana use on offspring growth from birth through age 3 years”. Neurotoxicology and Teratology. 14. pp. 407-414.

65. Cornelius, M., P. Taylor, D. Geva (1995). “Prenatal tobacco and marijuana use among adolescents: Effects on offspring gestational age, growth and morphology”. Pediatrics. 95. pp. 438-443.

66. Dell, C.A., and K. Garabedian (2003). Réseau communautaire canadien d'épidémiologie des toxicomanies, Rapport national de 2002 : Les tendances en toxicomanie et le réseau du RRCET. Ottawa : Centre canadien de lutte contre l'alcoolisme et les toxicomanies.

67. McCourt, C., D. Paquette, L. Pelletier, F. Reyes (2005). Donnons sa chance à chaque mère et à chaque enfant - Rapport sur la santé de la mère et de l'enfant au Canada. Ottawa : Agence de la santé publique du Canada.

68. McCourt, C., D. Paquette, L. Pelletier, F. Reyes (2005). Donnons sa chance à chaque mère et à chaque enfant - Rapport sur la santé de la mère et de l'enfant au Canada. Ottawa : Agence de la santé publique du Canada. p. 5.

69. Dell, C.A. and K. Garabedian (2003). Réseau communautaire canadien d'épidémiologie des toxicomanies, Rapport national de 2002 : Les tendances en toxicomanie et le réseau du RRCET. Ottawa : Centre canadien de lutte contre l'alcoolisme et les toxicomanies. 18

70. Dell, C.A. and K. Garabedian (2003). Réseau communautaire canadien d'épidémiologie des toxicomanies, Rapport national de 2002 : Les tendances en toxicomanie et le réseau du RRCET. Ottawa : Centre canadien de lutte contre l'alcoolisme et les toxicomanies.

71. Roberts, G. and J. Nanson (2000). Meilleures pratiques : syndrome d'alcoolisme foetal/effets de l'alcool sur le foetus et les effets des autres drogues pendant la grossesse. Ottawa : Santé Canada.

72. Cormier, RA, CA Dell, N Poole (2003). Rapport sur la situation de la santé des femmes : Une vue multidirectionnelle sur la santé des femmes canadiennes. Ottawa : Institut canadien d'information sur la santé.

73. Environics Research Group Limited (2000). La connaissance des effets de la consommation d'alcool pendant la grossesse et du syndrome d'alcoolisme foetal. Résultats d'un sondage national. Preparé pour Santé Canada. 21

74. Leger Marketing (2002). Canadians' Perceptions and Opinions Regarding Tobacco and Alcohol Consumption of Women During Pregnancy. Winnipeg: Leger Marketing. 6.

75. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2004). “Alcohol consumption among women who are pregnant or might become pregnant - United States, 2002. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Reports. 53(50) pp. 1178-1181.

76. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2000). “Alcohol use among women of childbearing age – United States, 1991-1999. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Reports. 51. pp. 273-276.

77. Coleman, R. (2000). Women's Health in Atlantic Canada: A Statistical Portrait. GPI Atlantic. 47.

78. Contraceptive use in Canada. http://www.cbctrust.com/contraceptive.html

79. US Department of Health and Human Services, US Department of Agriculture (2000). Nutrition and Your Health: Dietary Guidelines for Americans. 5th edition. Washington: US Department of Health and Human Services, US Department of Agriculture. 1.

80. Alberta Alcohol and Drug Abuse Commission (AADAC) (2004). Windows of Opportunity: A Statistical Profile of Substance Use Among Women in Their Childbearing Years in Alberta. Alberta: AADAC. 25.

81. Lester, B.M., L. Andreozzi, L. Appiah (2004). “Substance use during pregnancy: Time for policy to catch up with research”. Harm Reduction Journal. 1(5). pp 1-44. 4.

82. Roberts, G. and J. Nanson (2000). Meilleures pratiques : syndrome d'alcoolisme foetal/effets de l'alcool sur le foetus et les effets des autres drogues pendant la grossesse. Ottawa : Santé Canada. 6

83. US Department of Health and Human Services, US Department of Agriculture (2000). Nutrition and Your Health: Dietary Guidelines for Americans. 5th edition. Washington: US Department of Health and Human Services, US Department of Agriculture. 1. Le point sur la recherche 2005 97

84. Alberta Alcohol and Drug Abuse Commission (AADAC) (2004). Windows of Opportunity: A Statistical Profile of Substance Use Among Women in Their Childbearing Years in Alberta. Alberta: AADAC. 35.

85. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2000). “Alcohol use among women of childbearing age – United States, 1991-1999. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Reports. 51. pp. 273-276.

86. Alberta Alcohol and Drug Abuse Commission (AADAC) (2004). Windows of Opportunity: A Statistical Profile of Substance Use Among Women in Their Childbearing Years in Alberta. Alberta: AADAC. 27.

87. Muhajarine, N., C. D'Acy, L. Edouard (1997). “Prevalence and predictors of health risk behaviours during early pregnancy: Saskatoon pregnancy and health study”. Canadian Journal of Public Health. 88(6). pp. 375-379.

88. Gladstone, J, M. Levy, I. Nulman, G. Koren (1997). “Characteristics of pregnant women who engage in binge alcohol consumption”. CMAJ. 156(6). pp. 789-94.

89. Masotti, P., K. Szala-Meneok, P. Selby, J. Ranford, A. Van Koughnett (2003). “Urban FASD interventions: Bridging the cultural gap between Aboriginal women and primary care physicians”. JFAS Int. e 7. p.3

90. Tait, C. (2004). Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Effects: the 'Making' of a Canadian Aboriginal Health and Social Problem. Université McGill: mémoire non publié.

91. Tait, C. (2003). Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Among Aboriginal People in Canada: Review and Analysis of the Intergenerational Links to Residential Schools. Ottawa: The Aboriginal Healing Foundation. 107.

92. Alberta Alcohol and Drug Abuse Commission (AADAC) (2004). Windows of Opportunity: A Statistical Profile of Substance Use Among Women in Their Childbearing Years in Alberta.Alberta: AADAC. 37.

93. Bearer, C. (2001) “Markers to detect drinking during pregnancy”. Alcohol Research and Health. 25(3). pp. 210-218.

94. Kesby, G., G. Parker, E. Barrett (1991). “Personality and coping style as influences on alcohol intake and cigarette smoking during pregnancy”. The Medical Journal of Australia. 155. pp.229-233.

95. Serdula, M., D.F. Williamson, J.S. Kendrick, R.F. Anda, T. Byers (1988). “Trends in alcohol consumption by pregnant women, 1985 through 1988”. Journal of the American Medical Association. 265. pp. 876-9.

96. Chudley, A.E., J. Conry, J.L. Cook, C. Loock, T. Rosales, N. LeBlanc (2005). Ensemble des troubles causés par l'alcoolisation foetale : Lignes directrices canadiennes concernant le diagnostic. Revue de l'Association médicale canadienne. 172 (5 suppl). pp. s1- s-21.

97. Alberta Alcohol and Drug Abuse Commission (AADAC) (2004). Windows of Opportunity: A Statistical Profile of Substance Use Among Women in Their Childbearing Years in Alberta. Alberta: AADAC. 9, 109.

98. Muhajarine, N., C. D'Acy, L. Edouard (1997). “Prevalence and predictors of health risk behaviours during early pregnancy: Saskatoon pregnancy and health study”. Canadian Journal of Public Health. 88(6). pp. 375-379.

99. Pepler, D.J., T.E. Moore, M. Motz, M. Leslie (2002). Breaking the Cycle. A Chance for New Beginnings. 1995-2000 Evaluation Report. ON: Breaking the Cycle. p. 5.

100. Poole, N. (2000). Evaluation Report of the Sheway Project for High-Risk Pregnant and Parenting Women. BC: British Columbia Centre of Excellent for Women's Health.

101. Tait, C.L. (2000). A Study of the Service Needs of Pregnant Addicted Women in Manitoba.MB: Manitoba Health.

102. Hicks, M., R.S. Suave, A.W. Lyon, M. Clarke, S. Tough (2003). “Alcohol use and abuse in pregnancy: An evaluation of the merits of screening”. Canadian Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Review. 77-80.

103. Barbour, B.G. (1990) “Alcohol and pregnancy”. Journal of Nurse Midwifery. 35. pp. 78-85.

104. Morse, B. and E. Hutchins (2000). “Reducing complications from alcohol use during pregnancy through screening”. JAMWA. 55(4). pp 225-228. 225.

105. Hayes, M.J., E. Brown, P.A. Hofmaster, A.A. Davare, K.G. Parker, J.A. Raczek (2002). “Prenatal alcohol intake in a rural, Caucasian clinic”. Family Medicine. 34(2). pp.120-125.

106. Kaskutas, L.A. (2000). “Understanding drinking during pregnancy among urban American Indians and African Americans: Health messages, risk beliefs, and how we measure consumption”. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 24(8). pp. 1241-1250.

107. Sood, B., V. Delaney-Black, C. Covington, B. Nordstrom-Klee, J. Ager, T. Templin, J. Janisse, S. Martier, R.J. Sokol (2001). “Prenatal alcohol exposure and childhood behavior at age 6 to 7 years: I. Dose-response effect” Pediatrics. 108(2). pp. 1-9. 2. Le point sur la recherche 2005 99

108. Stutts, M.A., L.T. Patterson, G.G. Hunnicutt (1997). “Females perceptions of risks associated with alcohol consumption during pregnancy”. American Journal of Health Behaviour. 21(2). pp. 137-146.

109. Wiemann, C.M., A.B. Berenson, B.M. Landwehr (1995). “Racial and ethnic correlates of tobacco, alcohol and illicit drug use in a pregnant population”. Journal of Reproductive Medicine. 40(8). pp. 571-578.

110. Tait, C. (2003). Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Among Aboriginal People in Canada: Review and Analysis of the Intergenerational Links to Residential Schools. Ottawa: Aboriginal Healing Foundation.

111. Astley, S., D. Bailey, C. Talbot, S. Clarren (2000). “Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) primary prevention through FAS diagnosis: II. A comprehensive profile of 80 birth mothers of children with FAS”. Alcohol & Alcoholism. Vol. 25, No. 5. pp. 509-519.

112. Alberta Alcohol and Drug Abuse Commission (AADAC) (2004). Windows of Opportunity: A Statistical Profile of Substance Use Among Women in Their Childbearing Years in Alberta. Alberta: AADAC. 36.

113. Roberts, G. and J. Nanson (2000). Meilleures pratiques : syndrome d'alcoolisme foetal/effets de l'alcool sur le foetus et les effets des autres drogues pendant la grossesse. Ottawa : Santé Canada. 6

114. Santé Canada (2003). Rapport sur la santé périnatale au Canada. Ottawa : Ministre de Travaux publics et Services gouvernementaux Canada. 6

115. Alberta Alcohol and Drug Abuse Commission (AADAC) (2004). Windows of Opportunity: A Statistical Profile of Substance Use Among Women in Their Childbearing Years in Alberta. Alberta: AADAC. 26.

116. Alberta Alcohol and Drug Abuse Commission (AADAC) (2004). Windows of Opportunity: A Statistical Profile of Substance Use Among Women in Their Childbearing Years in Alberta. Alberta: AADAC. 26.

117. Alberta Alcohol and Drug Abuse Commission (AADAC) (2004). Windows of Opportunity: A Statistical Profile of Substance Use Among Women in Their Childbearing Years in Alberta. Alberta: AADAC.

118. Ebrahim, S.H., A.L. Anderson, R.L. Floyd (1999). “Alcohol consumption by reproductive-aged women in the USA: An update on assessment, burden and prevention in the 1990s”. 4. pp. 419-430.

119. Alberta Alcohol and Drug Abuse Commission (AADAC) (2004). Windows of Opportunity: A Statistical Profile of Substance Use Among Women in Their Childbearing Years in Alberta. Alberta: AADAC.

120. Muhajarine, N., C. D'Acy, L. Edouard (1997). “Prevalence and predictors of health risk behaviours during early pregnancy: Saskatoon pregnancy and health study”. Canadian Journal of Public Health. 88(6). pp. 375-379.

121. Santé Canada (2003). Rapport sur la santé périnatale au Canada. Ottawa : Ministre de Travaux publics et Services gouvernementaux Canada. 6.

122. Roberts, G. and J. Nanson (2000). Meilleures pratiques : syndrome d'alcoolisme foetal/effets de l'alcool sur le foetus et les effets des autres drogues pendant la grossesse. Ottawa : Santé Canada. 6

123. Hicks, M., R.S. Suave, A.W. Lyon, M. Clarke, S. Tough (2003). “Alcohol use and abuse in pregnancy: An evaluation of the merits of screening”. Canadian Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Review. 77-80

124. Environics Research Group Limited (2000). La connaissance des effets de la consommation d'alcool pendant la grossesse et du syndrome d'alcoolisme foetal. Résultats d'un sondage national. Préparé pour Santé Canada. 21.

125. Evans, R. et coll. (eds.) (1994). Why Are Some People Healthy and Others Not? The Determinants of Health of Populations. New York, NY: Aldine De Gruyter.

126. Swazey, M and W. Reynolds (undated). Reducing the Impact: Working with Pregnant Women Who Live in Difficult Situations. Toronto: Ontario Best Start.

127. Abel, E.L. (1998). “Prevention of Alcohol Abuse-related Birth Effects – II. Targeting and pricing”. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 33(4). pp. 417-420.

128. Holder, H. (2003). Strategies for reducing substance abuse problems: what the research tells us. Paper presented at the NDRI International research symposium, Fremantle, Australia, February 24-27, 2003.

129. Lauzon, R. et coll. (1998). “Mattagami First Nation's policy to reduce alcohol-related harm”. The Canadian Journal of Native Studies, 18(1). pp. 37-48.

130. Bowerman, R. (1997). “The effect of a community-supported alcohol ban on prenatal alcohol and other substance abuse [letter to the editor]”. American Journal of Public Health, 87(8). pp. 1378-1379.

131. Centre de toxicomanie et de santé mentale. Politiques municipales en matière d'alcool et de collectivités autochtones. http://www.camh.net/research/publichealth_regpol_rar2002.html. Accessed 04-05.

132. Stockwell, T. (April 7, 2005). Présentation au Comité permanent de la santé, 38e législature, 1re session.

133. Hankins, J. et coll. (2001). “The impact of the alcohol warning label on drinking during pregnancy”. Journal of Public Policy and Marketing. 12(1). pp. 10-18.

134. Kaskutas, L. (2000). “Understanding drinking during pregnancy among urban American Indians and African Americans: Health messages, risk beliefs, and how we measure consumption”. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 24(8). pp. 1241-1250.

135. Greenfield, T., K. Graves and L. Kaskutas (1999). “Long-term effects of alcohol warning labels: Findings from a comparison of the United States and Canada.” Psychology and Marketing. 16(3). pp. 261-282.

136. Fenaughty, A.M. and D.P. MacKinnon (1993). “Immediate effects of the Arizona alcohol warning poster.” Journal of Public Policy and Marketing, 12(1). pp. 69-77.

137. Holder, H. (2003). Strategies for reducing substance abuse problems: what the research tells us. Paper presented at the NDRI International research symposium, Fremantle, Australia, February 24-27, 2003.

138. Angus Reid Group. (2000). FAS Awareness Campaign Assessment Study—Final Report. Alberta Alcohol and Drug Abuse Commission.

139. Floyd, L., P Decoufle, D., Hungerford (1999). “Alcohol use prior to pregnancy recognition”. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 17(2): 101-107.

140. US Department of Health and Human Services. (2005). News release: U.S. Surgeon General Releases Advisory on Alcohol Use in Pregnancy. http://www.hhs.gov/surgeongeneral/pressreleases/sg02222005.html

141. Greenfield, T., K. Graves, L. Kaskutas (1999). “Long-term effects of alcohol warning labels: Findings from a comparison of the United States and Canada.” Psychology and Marketing. 16(3). pp. 261-282.

142. Caprara,D., O. Soldin, G. Koren (March, 2004). “To label or not to label: The pros and cons of alcohol warning labels in pregnancy.” Journal of FAS International. 2 e:9.

143. Abel, E. (1998). “Prevention of alcohol abuse-related birth effects – I. Public education efforts”. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 33(4). pp. 411-416.

144. Jacobson, J. and S. Jacobson (1999). “Drinking Moderately and Pregnancy Effects on Child Development.” Alcohol Research and Health. (23)1. pp. 25-30.

145. Reynolds, W., S. Raftis, D. Michel (1994). Pregnancy and Substance Abuse: A Needs Assessment to Investigate the Development of Health Promotion Materials for High- Risk Women. Kingston, ON: AWARE Press.

146. Finkelstein, N. (1993). “Treatment Programming for Alcohol and Drug-Dependent Women.” International Journal of the Addictions, 28(13). pp. 1275-1309.

147. May, P. (1995). “A multiple-level, comprehensive approach to the prevention of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) and other alcohol-related birth defects (ARBD).” International Journal of the Addictions, 30(12). pp. 1549-1602.

148. Offord, D. (2000). “Selection of levels of prevention”. Addictive Behaviours. (25)6.

149. Programme de meilleur départ de l'Ontario (2003). Les clés du succès d'une campagne de communication sur la consommation d'alcool durant la grossesse. Governement de l'Ontario.

150. Alcohol Concern (2002). Alcohol and Teenage Pregnancy. United Kingdom Department of Health.

151. Poulin, C. (2002). Nova Scotia Student Drug Use 2002. Dalhousie University; Nova Scotia Office of Health Promotion.

152. Adlaf, E.,and A. Paglia (2003). Drug Use Among Ontario Students: Detailed OSDUS Findings. Centre de toxicomanie et de santé mentale.

153. McBride, N. (2003). “A systematic review of school drug education.” Health Education Research Theory and Practice. 18(6). pp. 729-742.

154. Murphy-Brennan, M. and T. Oei (1999). “Is there evidence to show that Fetal Alcohol Syndrome can be prevented?” Journal of Drug Education, 29(1). pp. 5-24.

155. Alberta Learning. (2002). Teaching for the Prevention of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder. Grades 1-12: A Resource for Teachers of Health and Life Skills and Career and Life Management. Government of Alberta.

156. Weitzman, E., T. Nelson, H. Wechsler (2003). Assessing success in a coalition-based environmental prevention programme targeting alcohol abuse and harms: Process measures from the Harvard School of Public Health “A Matter of Degree” programme evaluation Nordisk Alkohol- & Narkotikatidskrift20. (ENGLISH SUPPLEMENT).

157. LeMaster, P. and C. Connell (1994). “Health education interventions among Native Americans: A review and analysis.” Health Education Quarterly, 21(4): 521-538.

158. Astley. S. (2004). “Fetal alcohol syndrome prevention in Washington State: Evidence of success”. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology. 18. pp. 344–351.

159. T. Naimi, L. Lipscomb, R. Brewer, B. Gilbert (2003). “Binge Drinking in the Preconception Period and the Risk of Unintended Pregnancy: Implications for Women and Their Children”. Pediatrics. 111, 5. pp. 1136-1141. Le point sur la recherche 2005 103

160. Floyd, L., P Decoufle, D. Hungerford (1999). “Alcohol use prior to pregnancy recognition.” American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 17(2): 101-107.

161. Boyce, W., M. Doherty, D. MacKinnon, C. Fortin (2003). Étude sur la jeunesse, la santé sexuelle, le VIH/sida au Canada : Facteurs influant sur les connaissances sur le VIH et le sida, les attitudes envers la sexualité et le comportement sexuel. ON : Conseil des ministres de l'éducation, Canada.

162. Daley, M., M. Argeriou, D. McCarty, J. Callahan, D. Shepard, C. Williams (2001). “The Costs of Crime and the Benefits of Substance Abuse Treatment for Pregnant Women.” Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. 19. pp. 445-458.

163. Floyd, L., P Decoufle, D., Hungerford (1999). “Alcohol use prior to pregnancy recognition.” American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 17(2): 101-107.

164. Cornelius, M., H. Lebow, N. Day (1997). “Attitudes and knowledge about drinking: Relationships with drinking behavior among pregnant teenagers.” Journal of Drug Education, 27(3): 231-243.

165. Ebrahim, S., A. Anderson, R. Floyd (1999). “Alcohol consumption by reproductive age women in the USA: an update on assessment, burden and prevention in the 1990s”. Prenatal and Neonatal Medicine. (4). pp. 419-430.

166. Floyd, L., P Decoufle, D., Hungerford (1999). “Alcohol use prior to pregnancy recognition.” American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 17(2): 101-107.

167. US Preventive Services Task Force. (1996). Guide to clinical preventive services: Report of the US Preventive Services Task Force. Rockville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services.

168. Pepler, D., T. Moore, M. Motz, M. Leslie (2002). Breaking the Cycle: A chance for new beginnings. 1995-2000 Evaluation Report.

169. Gale, T. J. White, T. Welty (1998). “Differences in detection of alcohol use in a prenatal population (on a Northern Plains Indian Reservation) using various methods of ascertainment.” South Dakota Journal of Medicine. 51(7). pp. 235-240.

170. Cherpitel, C. (1997). “Brief screening instruments for alcoholism.” Alcohol Health and Research World, 21(4). pp. 348-351.

171. Russell, M., et coll. (1996). Detecting risk drinking during pregnancy: A comparison of four screening questionnaires. American Journal of Public Health, 86(10). pp. 1435-1439.

172. Flynn, H., S. Marcus, K. Barry, F. Blow (2003). Rates and Correlates of Alcohol Use Among Pregnant Women in Obstetrics Clinics. Alcoholism: Clinical & Experimental Research. 27(1):81-87. Abstract: http://www.alcoholism–cer.com/pt/re/alcoholism/abstract.00000374–200301000–0001 4.htm;jsessionid=CAf0BBiGUqnBU7DsC92im6hD4ityU791IekrtGgue3sVWgHh9XCE!2 97597431!-949856032!9001!-1

173. Chang, G. (2001). Alcohol-screening instruments for pregnant women. Alcohol Research and Health. 25(3). pp. 204-209.

174. Hankin, J. and R. Sokol (1995). Identification and care of problems associated with alcohol ingestion in pregnancy. Seminars in Perinatology, 19(4). pp. 286-292.

175. Lieberman, L. (1998). Evaluating the success of substance abuse prevention and treatment programs for pregnant and postpartum women and their infants. Women's Health Issues, 8(4). pp. 218-229.

176. Ling, E., S. Albersheim, A. Halstead (1997). Prevalence of in-utero drug exposure by meconium screening and infant outcome. Paper presented at the Société canadienne de pédiatrie, Halifax, NS.

177. Morse, B. and E. Hutchins (2000). Reducing complications from alcohol use during pregnancy through screening. JAMWA. 55(4). pp 225-228.

178. Bearer, C. (2001). “Markers to detect drinking during pregnancy”. Alcohol Research and Health. (25)3.

179. Stoler, J. et coll. (1998). “The prenatal detection of significant alcohol exposure with maternal blood markers.” The Journal of Pediatrics, 133(3): 346-352.

180. Stratton, K., C. Howe, F. Battaglia (eds.) (1996). Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Diagnosis, Epidemiology, Prevention and Treatment. Washington, DC: National Academy Press.

181. Chang, G. M. Goetz, L. Wilkins-Haug, S. Berman. (2000). “A brief intervention for prenatal alcohol use: an in-depth look.” Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. 18. pp. 365-369.

182. Yahne, C and W. Miller (1999). Enhancing motivation for treatment and change. In Addictions: A comprehensive guidebook, edited by B.S. McCrady and E.E. Epstein, 235-249. New York: Oxford.

183. Handmaker, N. and P. Wilbourne. (2001). “Motivational Interviewing in Prenatal Clinics.” Alcohol Research and Health. (25)3. 219-229.

184. Manwell, L., M., Fleming, M. Mumdt, E., Stauffacher, K. Barry (2000). “Treatment of problem alcohol use in women of childbearing age: results of a brief intervention trial.” Clinical and Experimental Research. (24)10. pp. 1517-1524.

185. Chang, G. M. Goetz, L. Wilkins-Haug, S. Berman. (2000). “A brief intervention for prenatal alcohol use: an in-depth look.” Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment.18. pp. 365-369.

186. Hankin, J. M., McCaul, J., Heussner (2000). “Pregnant, alcohol-abusing women.” Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 24(8). pp. 1276-1286.

187. Miller W. and S. Rollnick (2002). Motivational Interviewing: Preparing People for Change. 2nd ed. New York, NY: Guilford Press.

188. Handmaker, N. and Wilbourne. (2001). “Motivational Interviewing in Prenatal Clinics.” Alcohol Research and Health. (25)3. 219-229.

189. Handmaker, N., and P. Wilbourne. (2001). “Motivational Interviewing in Prenatal Clinics.” Alcohol Research and Health. (25)3. 219-229.

190. Valequez, M. et coll. (2003). “Reducing the risk of alcohol-exposed pregnancies: A study of a motivational intervention in community settings.” Pediatrics(111)5. pp. 1131-1135.

191. US Centres for Disease Control, National Centre for Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities. Preventing alcohol exposed pregnancies: Project BALANCE. Accessed: 04-45. http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/fas/balance.htm

192. Floyd, L., P Decoufle, D. Hungerford (1999). “Alcohol use prior to pregnancy recognition.” American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 17(2). pp. 101-107.

193. Handmaker, N., and P. Wilbourne. (2001). “Motivational Interviewing in Prenatal Clinics.” Alcohol Research and Health. (25)3. 219-229.

194. Abrams,D., C. Orleans, R. Niaura, M. Goldstein, J. Prochaska, W. Velicer (1993). “Integrating individual and public health perspectives for treatment of tobacco dependence under managed health care: A combined stepped care and matching model.” Tobacco Control2 (suppl), S17-S37.

195. Handmaker, N. and P. Wilbourne. (2001). “Motivational Interviewing in Prenatal Clinics.” Alcohol Research and Health. (25)3. 219-229.

196. Abel, E. (2004). “Paternal Contribution to Fetal Alcohol Syndrome.” Addiction Biology. (9). pp. 127-133.

197. Riley, E. (2004). Commentary on “Paternal Contribution to Fetal Alcohol Syndrome”. Addiction Biology. (9). pp. 135-136.

198. May, P. (1998). Concepts and programs for the prevention of FAS: Research issues in the prevention of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and alcohol-related birth defects. In Finding common ground: Working together for the future, Conference syllabus, November 19-21, 1998, Vancouver, BC, 65-93. Vancouver, BC: University of British Columbia.

199. Valborg L. Kvigne, V., G. Leonardson, J.E. Brock, M. Neff-Smith, T. Welty (2003). “Characteristics of Mothers Who Have Children with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome or Some Characteristics of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome”. JABFP(16)4. 296-303.

200. Rouleau,M., Z. Levichek, G. Koren, (2003). “Are mothers who drink heavily in pregnancy victims of FAS?” Journal of FAS International, 1:e4.

201. Hankins, J. (2000). “Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Prevention Research.” Alcohol Research and Health. (26)1. pp. 58-65.

202. Astley, S. et al. (2000). “FAS primary prevention through FAS diagnosis: Part II. A comprehensive profile of 80 birth mothers of children with FAS.” Alcohol and Alcoholism. 35(5). pp. 509-519.

203. Astley, S. et al. (2000). “FAS primary prevention through FAS diagnosis: Part II. A comprehensive profile of 80 birth mothers of children with FAS.” Alcohol and Alcoholism. 35(5). pp. 509-519.

204. Tait, C. A Study of the Service Needs of Pregnant Addicted Women in Manitoba (2000). Prairie Women's Health Centre of Excellence. Manitoba Health.

205. Roberts, G. and A. Ogborne (1999). Meilleures pratiques – Alcoolisme et toxicomanie traitement et réadaptation.Ottawa, ON: Ministre de Travaux publics et Services gouvernementaux Canada.

206. Poole, N. and B. Isaac (2001). Apprehensions: Barriers to treatment for substanceusing mothers. British Columbia Centre for Women's Health.

207. Finkelstein, N. (1994). “Treatment Issues for Alcohol- and Drug-Dependent Pregnant and Parenting Women.” Health and Social Work. (19)1. pp. 71-14.

208. Swazey, M and W. Reynolds (undated). Reducing the Impact: Working with Pregnant Women Who Live in Difficult Situations. Toronto: Ontario Best Start.

209. Tait, C. (2003). Fetal Alcohol Syndrome among Aboriginal People in Canada: Review and analysis of the Intergenerational Links to Residential Schools.Ottawa: Aboriginal Healing Foundation.

210. Horrigan, T., A. Schroeder, R. Schaffer (2000). “Triad of substance abuse, violence, and depression are interrelated in pregnancy.” Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 18(1). pp. 55-58.

211. Hankin, J., J. McCaul, J. Heussner (2000). “Pregnant, alcohol-abusing women.” Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 24(8). pp. 1276-1286.

212. Branco, E and L. Kaskutas (2001). “If it burns going down …” How focus groups can shape fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) prevention. Substance Use and Misuse. 36(3). pp. 333-345.

213. Tait, C. A Study of the Service Needs of Pregnant Addicted Women in Manitoba (2000). Prairie Women's Health Centre of Excellence. Manitoba Health.

214. Nanson, J. (1997). “Binge drinking during pregnancy: Who are the women at risk?” Canadian Medical Association Journal, 156(6). pp. 807-808.

215. Messer, K., K. Clark , S. Martin (1996). “Characteristics associated with pregnant women's utilization of substance abuse treatment services.” American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 22(3). pp. 403-421.

216. Poole, N. and B. Isaac (2001). Apprehensions: Barriers to treatment for substanceusing mothers. British Columbia Centre for Women's Health.

217. Swazey, M and W. Reynolds (undated). Reducing the Impact: Working with Pregnant Women Who Live in Difficult Situations. Toronto: Ontario Best Start.

218. Rutman, D. M. Callahan, A. Lundquist, S. Jackson, B. Field (2000). Intoxicants et grossesse : la place des femmes enceintes ou en âge de concevoir dans les politiques et le processus d'élaboration de celles-ci.ON : Condition féminine Canada.

219. Jessup, M., J. Humphreys, C. Vindis, K. Lee (2003). “Extrinsic factors to substance abuse treatment among pregnant drug dependent women.” Journal of Drug Issues. Spring, pp. 285-304.

220. Rutman, D. M. Callahan, A. Lundquist, S. Jackson, B. Field (2000). Intoxicants et grossesse : la place des femmes enceintes ou en âge de concevoir dans les politiques et le processus d'élaboration de celles-ci.ON: Condition féminine Canada.

221. Tait, C. A Study of the Service Needs of Pregnant Addicted Women in Manitoba (2000). Prairie Women's Health Centre of Excellence. Manitoba Health.

222. Howell, E., N. Heiser, M. Harrington (1999). “A review of recent findings on substance abuse treatment for pregnant women.” Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 16(3). pp. 195-219.

223. Becker, J. and C. Duffy (2002). Women Drug Users and Drugs Service Provision: service-level responses to engagement and retention. Report for the Home Office Drugs Strategy Directorate, DPAS Paper No. 17. (London, Home Office, 2002). http://www.drugs.gov.uk/ReportsandPublications/Communities/1034596415/WomenDr ugUsersandServiceProvision.pdf

224. Kowalsky, L. and M. Verhoef (1999). “Northern community members' perceptions of FAS/FAE: A qualitative study.” The Canadian Journal of Native Studies, 19(1). pp. 149-168.

225. Poole, N. (2000). Evaluation Report of the Sheway Project for High-Risk Pregnant and Parenting Women.BC: British Columbia Centre of Excellent for Women's Health. 11.

226. Becker, J. and C. Duffy (2002). Women Drug Users and Drugs Service Provision: service-level responses to engagement and retention. Report for the Home Office Drugs Strategy Directorate, DPAS Paper No. 17. (London, Home Office, 2002). http://www.drugs.gov.uk/ReportsandPublications/Communities/1034596415/WomenDr ugUsersandServiceProvision.pdf

227. Communication personnelle, Nancy Poole, 5 avril 2005.

228. Communication personnelle, Margaret Leslie, 12 avril 2005.

229. Howell, E., N. Heiser, M. Harrington (1999). “A review of recent findings on substance abuse treatment for pregnant women.” Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 16(3). pp. 195-219.

230. Namyniuk, L. et al. (1997). “Southcentral Foundation-Dena A Coy: A model program for the treatment of pregnant substance-abusing women.” Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 14(3). pp. 285-295.

231. Tait, C. A Study of the Service Needs of Pregnant Addicted Women in Manitoba (2000). Prairie Women's Health Centre of Excellence. Manitoba Health.

232. Corriano, E., Williams, C., Campbell, W.S. 3rd., Amrhein, E., LoPiano, L., & Kalachik, D. (2000). Linking substance-abusing pregnant women to drug treatment services: A treatment program. Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and Neonatal Nursing, 29(4), 369-376.

233. Branco, E and L. Kaskutas (2001). “If it burns going down …” How focus groups can shape fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) prevention. Substance Use and Misuse. 36(3). pp. 333-345.

234. Testa, M. and A. Reifman (1996). “Individual differences in perceived riskiness of drinking In pregnancy: Antecedents and consequences.” Journal of Studies on Alcohol, 57(4). pp. 360-367.

235. Branco, E and L. Kaskutas (2001). “If it burns going down …” How focus groups can shape fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) prevention. Substance Use and Misuse. 36(3). pp. 333-345.

236. Mitchell, J. et al. (1995). Pregnant, Substance-using Women. Rockville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services.

237. Corse, S., M. McHugh, S. Gordon (1995).”Enhancing provider effectiveness in treating pregnant women with addictions.” Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 12(1): 3- 12.

238. Zahnd, E. and D. Klein (1997). “The needs of pregnant and parenting American Indian women at risk for problem alcohol or drug use.” American Indian Culture and Research Journal, 21(3). pp.119-43.

239. Klein, D. and E. Zahnd (1997). “Perspectives of pregnant substance-using women: Findings from the California perinatal needs assessment.” Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 29(1). pp. 55-66.

240. Murphy, S. and M. Rosenbaum (1999). “Pregnant women on drugs: Combating stereotypes and stigma. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.

241. Mitchell, J. et al. (1995). Pregnant, Substance-using Women. Rockville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services.

242. Rutman, D. M. Callahan, A. Lundquist, S. Jackson, B. Field (2000). Intoxicants et grossesse : la place des femmes enceintes ou en âge de concevoir dans les politiques et le processus d'élaboration de celles-ci. ON : Condition féminine Canada.

243. Tait, C. A Study of the Service Needs of Pregnant Addicted Women in Manitoba (2000). Prairie Women's Health Centre of Excellence. Manitoba Health.

244. Communication personnelle, Nancy Poole, 5 avril 2005.

245. Mitchell, J. et al. (1995). Pregnant, Substance-using Women. Rockville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services.

246. Ashley, O. M. Marsden, T. Brady (2003). Effectiveness of Substance Abuse Treatment Programming for Women: A Review. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse(29)1. pp. 19–53.

247. Lieberman, L. (1998). “Evaluating the success of substance abuse prevention and treatment programs for pregnant and postpartum women and their infants.” Women's Health Issues, 8(4): 218-229.

248. Howell, E., N. Heiser, M. Harrington (1999). “A review of recent findings on substance abuse treatment for pregnant women.” Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 16(3). pp. 195-219.

249. Kissin, W., D. Svikis, P. Moylan, N. Haug, M. Stitzer (2004). “Identifying Pregnant Women at Risk for Early Attrition from Substance Abuse Treatment.” Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment.27. pp. 31-38.

250. Jones, H. et al. (2000). “Improving treatment outcomes for pregnant drug-dependent women using low-magnitude voucher incentives.” Addictive Behaviours, 25(2): 263- 267.

251. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Working Group on Prevention of Risk Drinking in Pregnancy. Bethesda, Maryland, NIAAA (1998). www.niaaa.nih.gov/FAS/report/introduction.htm

252. Hankin, J. M., McCaul, J., J. Heussner (2000). “Pregnant, alcohol-abusing women.” Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 24(8). pp. 1276-1286.

253. Communication personnelle, Nancy Poole, 5 avril 2005.

254. Kissin, W., D. Svikis, P. Moylan, N. Haug, M. Stitzer (2004). “Identifying pregnant women at risk for early attrition from substance abuse treatment.” Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. 27. pp. 31-38.

255. Grella, C., V. Joshi, Y. Hser (2000). “Program variation in treatment outcomes among women in residential drug treatment.” Evaluation Review, ( 24)4. pp. 364-383.

256. Andersen, K., M. Clark, D. Dee, P. Bale, S. Martin (2001). “Treatment compliance among prenatal care patients with substance abuse problems.” American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 27(1). pp. 121–136.

257. Haller, D., D. Miles, K. Dawson (2003). “Factors influencing treatment enrollment by pregnant substance abusers.” The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse. 29(1). pp. 117–131.

258. Hicks, L. (1997). Drug Addiction and Pregnant/Parenting Women: Factors Affecting Client Engagement. Toronto: Breaking the Cycle and University of Toronto (manuscript non publié).

259. Knight, D. S. Logan, D. Simpson. (2001). “Predictors of program completion for women in residential substance abuse treatment.” American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse,27(1). pp. 1–18.

260. Creamer, S. and C. McMurtrie (1998). “Special needs of pregnant and parenting women in recovery: A move toward a more woman-centered approach.” Women's Health Issues, 8(4). pp. 239-245.

261. Rosenbaum, M. and K. Irwin (1998). Pregnancy, drugs and harm reduction. In Drug Addiction Research and the Health of Women, edited by C.L. Wetherington et al., 309-317. Rockville, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services.

262. Lieberman, L. (1998). “Evaluating the success of substance abuse prevention and treatment programs for pregnant and postpartum women and their infants.” Women's Health Issues,8(4): 218-229.

263. Creamer, S. and C. McMurtrie (1998). “Special needs of pregnant and parenting women in recovery: A move toward a more woman-centered approach.” Women's Health Issues, 8(4): 239-245.

264. Garm, A. (1999). “The Sheway Project.” The Canadian Nurse. November, 22-25.

265. Egelko, S. et al. (1998). “Evaluation of a multisystems model for treating perinatal cocaine addiction.” Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment,15(3). pp. 251-259.

266. Grayson, H, J. Hutchins, G. Silver (eds.) (1999). Charting a Course for the Future of Women's and Perinatal Health. Baltimore, MD: Women's And Children's Health Policy Center, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health.

267. Namyniuk, L. et al. (1997). “Southcentral Foundation-Dena A Coy: A model program for the treatment of pregnant substance-abusing women.” Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 14(3): 285-295.

268. Whiteford, L.and J. Vitucci (1997). “Pregnancy and addiction: Translating research into practice.” Social Science and Medicine, 44(9). pp. 1371-1380.

269. Whiteside-Mansell, L. et al. (1999). “The development and evaluation of an alcohol and drug prevention and treatment program for women and children. The AR-CARES Program.” Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 16(3). pp. 265-275.

270. Clarke, W. (2001). “Residential substance abuse treatment for pregnant and postpartum women and their children: Treatment and policy implications.” Child Welfare. (80). pp. 179-198.

271. Cawthon, L. and K. Westra (2003). Comprehensive Treatment, Intensive Case Management Helps Alcohol/Drug-Abusing Mothers Cut Stress, Stabilize Families, Have Healthier Children.http://www1.dshs.wa.gov/mediareleases/2003/pr03051.shtml

272. Clarke, W. (2001). “Residential substance abuse treatment for pregnant and postpartum women and their children: Treatment and policy implications.” Child Welfare. (80). pp. 179-198.

273. Uziel - Miller, N. and J. Lyons (2000). Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment19. pp. 355-367

274. Young, N. and S. Gardner (1998). “Children at the Crossroads.” Public Welfare. Winter: 2-11.

275. Robinson, E. (2003). Maxxine Wright place project for high risk pregnant and early parenting women. Proposal.

276. Brindis, C., Z. Clayson, G. Berkowitz (1997). “Options for recovery: California's perinatal projects.” Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 29(1). pp. 89-98.

277. Howell, E., N. Heiser, M. Harrington (1999). “A review of recent findings on substance abuse treatment for pregnant women.” Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 16(3). pp. 195-219.

278. Eisen, M. et al. (2000). “Evaluation of substance use outcomes in demonstration projects for pregnant and postpartum women and their infants: Findings from a quasiexperiment.” Addictive Behaviours, 25(1). pp. 123-129.

279. Ernst, C. et al. (1999). “Intervention with high-risk alcohol and drug-abusing mothers: II. Three year findings from the Seattle model of paraprofessional advocacy.” Journal of Community Psychology,27(1). pp. 19-38.

280. Ernst, C. et al. (1999). “Intervention with high-risk alcohol and drug-abusing mothers: II. Three year findings from the Seattle model of paraprofessional advocacy.” Journal of Community Psychology, 27(1). pp. 19-38.

281. Grant, T., C. Ernst, G. Pagalilauan, A. Streissguth (2003). “Follow-up effects of paraprofessional intervention with high-risk women who abused alcohol and drugs during pregnancy.” Journal of Community Psychology, (31)3. pp. 211–222.

282. Egelko, S. et al. (1998). “Evaluation of a multisystems model for treating perinatal cocaine addiction.” Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment,15(3). pp. 251-259.

283. Ritch, A. (2002). Aftercare Programming at the Aurora Centre: An Evaluation. BC Women's Hospital.

284. Reynolds, W. and M. Leslie. (2002). The SMART Guide: Motivational Approaches Within the Stages of Change for Pregnant Women Who Use Alcohol. AWARE: Breaking the Cycle.

285. Miller W., and S. Rollnick (2002). Motivational Interviewing: Preparing People for Change.2nd ed. New York, NY: Guilford Press.

286. Prochaska, J. and C. DiClemente (1984). The Transtheoretical Approach: Crossing Traditional Boundaries of Therapy. Homewood, Ill., Dow Jones-Irwin.

287. Roberts L. and L. Dunn (2003). “Ethical Considerations in Caring for Women with Substance Use Disorders.” Obstetric and Gynecology Clinics of North America. 30. pp. 559-582.

288. Communication personnelle, Margaret Leslie, 12 avril 2005

289. Poole, N. (2000). Evaluation Report of the Sheway Project for High-Risk Pregnant and Parenting Women. BC: British Columbia Centre of Excellent for Women's Health. 11.

290. Pepler, D., Moore, T., Motz, M., Leslie, M. (2002). Breaking the Cycle: A Chance for New Beginnings. 1995-2000 Evaluation Report.

291. Pepler, D., Moore, T., Motz, M., Leslie, M. (2002). Breaking the Cycle: A Chance for New Beginnings. 1995-2000 Evaluation Report.

292. Valborg L. Kvigne, V., G. Leonardson, J.E. Brock, M. Neff-Smith, T. Welty (2003). “Characteristics of Mothers Who Have Children with Fetal Alcohol Syndrome or Some Characteristics of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome”. JABFP(16)4. 296-303.

293. Astley, S.J. et al. (2000). “FAS primary prevention through FAS diagnosis: Part II. A comprehensive profile of 80 birth mothers of children with FAS.” Alcohol and Alcoholism. 35(5). pp. 509-519.

294. Astley. S. (2004). “Fetal alcohol syndrome prevention in Washington State: Evidence of success.” Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology. 18. pp. 344–351.

295. Chudley, A., J. Conry, J. Cook, C. Loock, T. Rosales, N. LeBlanc (2005) Ensemble des troubles causés par l'alcoolisation foetale : Lignes directrices canadiennes concernant le diagnostic. Revue de l'Association médicale canadienne.Mar. 1. pp. S1-S21.

296. Clarke, M. (October. 2001). “A practical approach to prevention, diagnosis and management.” The Canadian Journal of CME.

297. Rouleau,M., Z. Levichek, G. Koren, (2003). “Are mothers who drink heavily in pregnancy victims of FAS?” Journal of FAS International, 1:e4.

298. Natalie, J., N. Novick, A. Streissguth (1996). Identifying Clients With Possible Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Fetal Alcohol Effects in the Treatment Setting. University of Washington. http://depts.washington.edu/fadu/Fetal_Alcohol_1.html

299. Roberts, G. and J. Nanson (2001). Meilleures pratiques : syndrome d'alcoolisme foetal/effets de l'alcool sur le foetus et les effets des autres drogues pendant la grossesse.Ottawa : Santé Canada.

300. Tait, C. (2003). Fetal Alcohol Syndrome among Aboriginal People in Canada: Review and analysis of the Intergenerational Links to Residential Schools. Ottawa: Aboriginal Healing Foundation.

301. Smylie, J. (January 2001). A Guide for Health Professionals Working with Aboriginal Peoples. SOGC policy statement. Health Issues Affecting Aboriginal Peoples. Journal SOGC No. 100.

302. Tait, C. (2003). Fetal Alcohol Syndrome among Aboriginal People in Canada: Review and analysis of the Intergenerational Links to Residential Schools. Ottawa: Aboriginal Healing Foundation.

303. Rutman, D. M. Callahan, A. Lundquist, S. Jackson, B. Field (2000). Intoxicants et grossesse : la place des femmes enceintes ou en âge de concevoir dans les politiques et le processus d'élaboration de celles-ci. ON : Condition féminine Canada.

304. Van Bibber, M. (1997). It takes a community: A resource manual for communitybased prevention of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Effects.ON: Aboriginal Nurses Association of Canada.

305. Masis, K. and P. May (1991). “Comprehensive local program for the prevention of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome.” Public Health Reports. 106(5). pp. 484-489.

306. Lupton, C., L. Burd, and R. Harwood. (2004). “Cost of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders.” American Journal of Medical Genetics. Wiley-Liss, Inc.

307. Daley, M., M. Argeriou, D. McCarty, J. Callahan, D. Shepard, and C. Williams. (2001). “The Costs of Crime and the Benefits of Substance Abuse Treatment for Pregnant Women.” Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment. 19. pp. 445-458.

308. Svikis, D.S. et al. (1997). “Cost-effectiveness of treatment for drug-abusing pregnant women.” Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 45(1-2). pp. 105-113.

309. Ashley, O. M. Marsden, and T. Brady (2003). “Effectiveness of Substance Abuse Treatment Programming for Women: A Review.” The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse.(29)1. pp. 19–53.

310. Communication personnelle, Nancy Poole, 5 avril 2005.

311. Roberts L. and L. Dunn (2003). “Ethical Considerations in Caring for Women with Substance Use Disorders.” Obstetric and Gynecology Clinics of North America. 30. pp. 559-582.

312. Gardner, J. (1997). “Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Recognition and intervention.” American Journal of Maternal and Child Nursing, 22(6). pp. 318-322.

313. Clarke, M., S. Tough, M. Hicks, S. Clarren. (Jan. 2005). “Approaches of Canadian providers to the diagnosis of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders.” Journal of FAS International. 3:e2.

314. Nevin, A., P. Christopher, I. Nulman, G. Koren, A. Einarson (2002). “A survey of physicians' knowledge regarding awareness of maternal alcohol use and the diagnosis of FAS.” BMC Family Practice. 3.

315. Diekman, S., R. Floyd, P. Decoufle, J. Schulkin, H. Ebrahim, and R. Sokol (2000). “A survey of obstetrician-gynecologists on their patients' alcohol use during pregnancy.” Obstetrics and Gynecology. 95(5). pp. 756-763.

316. Clarke, M., S. Tough, M. Hicks, S. Clarren. (Jan. 2005). “Approaches of Canadian providers to the diagnosis of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders.” Journal of FAS International. 3:e2.

317. Clarke, M., S. Tough, M. Hicks, S. Clarren. (Jan. 2005). “Approaches of Canadian providers to the diagnosis of Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders.” Journal of FAS International.3:e2.

318. Santé Canada (1996). Déclaration conjointe : Prévention du syndrome de l'alcoolisme foetal (SAF) et des effets de l'alcoolisme foetal (EAF) au Canada. Ottawa : Santé Canada.

319. Meilleur départ- Centre de ressources sur la maternité, les nouveau-nés et le développement des jeunes enfants de l'Ontario (2002). Formation sur la consommation d'alcool et la grossesse à l'intention des médicins : Guide de plannificationON : Meilleur départ www.meilleurdepart.org

320. Leslie, M. and G. Roberts (2005). Nurturing Change: Working Effectively with High Risk Women and Affected Children to Prevent and Reduce Harms Associated with FASD. Mothercraft; Centre canadien de lutte contre l'alcoolisme et les toxicomanies; Santé Canada.

321. Poole, N. and B. Isaac (2001). Apprehensions: Barriers to treatment for substanceusing mothers. British Columbia Centre for Women's Health.

322. Chudley, A.E., J. Conry, J.L. Cook, C. Loock, T. Rosales, N. LeBlanc (2005). Ensemble des troubles causés par l'alcoolisation foetale : Lignes directrices canadiennes concernant le diagnostic. Revue de l'Association médicale canadienne. 172 (5 suppl). pp. s1- s-21.

323. Swazey, M and W. Reynolds (2002). Réduire l'impact : Travailler auprés de femmes enceintes qui connaissent une situation de vie difficile-rapport. Toronto Meilleur départ : Centre de ressources sur la maternité, les nouveau-nés et le développement des jeunes de l'Ontario.

324. Swazey, M and W. Reynolds (2002). Réduire l'impact : Travailler auprés de femmes enceintes qui connaissent une situation de vie difficile-rapport. Toronto Meilleur départ : Centre de ressources sur la maternité, les nouveau-nés et le développement des jeunes de l'Ontario.

325. Jessup, M., J. Humphreys, C. Vindis, K. Lee (2003). “Extrinsic Factors to Substance Abuse Treatment among Pregnant Drug Dependent Women.” Journal of Drug Issues. Spring, pp. 285-304.

326. Rutman, D. M. Callahan, A. Lundquist, S. Jackson, B. Field (2000). Intoxicants et grossesse : la place des femmes enceintes ou en âge de concevoir dans les politiques et le processus d'élaboration de celles-ci. ON : Condition féminine Canada.

327. Greaves, L., C. Varcoe, N. Poole, M. Marina, J. Johnson, A. Pederson, et al. (2002). Une question capitale pour les mères : le discours sur les soins maternels en situation de crise. ON : Condition féminine Canada.

328. Communication personnelle, Margaret Leslie, 12 avril 2005.

329. Rutman, D. M. Callahan, A. Lundquist, S. Jackson, B. Field (2000). Intoxicants et grossesse : la place des femmes enceintes ou en âge de concevoir dans les politiques et le processus d'élaboration de celles-ci. ON : Condition féminine Canada.

[Précédent] [Table des matières]