Diabetes in Canada

National Statistics and Opportunities for Improved Surveillance, Prevention, and Control

Table of contents

• Acknowledgements
• List of Figures
• List of Tables
• Evaluation and Order Form

• Introduction
• Highlights
• National Statistics
  
  • Prevalence
    
    • Current Overall Prevalence Estimates - 1996/97
    • Diabetes Prevalence Rates: Comparison of National Survey Estimates
      
      • Canadian Heart Health Survey (1986-1992) and National Population Health Survey 1996/97
      • Comparable National Surveys: Increasing Trends in Diabetes Prevalence
      • National Surveys of Diabetes Prevalence: 1978-1996/97
      Diabetes Prevalence by Race/Ethnic Group - 1996/97
    • Diabetes Prevalence by Age - 1996/97
    • Diabetes Prevalence by Sex - 1996/97
    • Prevalence by Province - 1996/97
    • Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes - 1994-1995
  • Incidence
    • Type 1 Diabetes - Incidence
  • Age of Onset of Diabetes
  • Morbidity
    • Disability
    • General Health Perception
    • Health Care Utilization
      
      • Outpatient Visits
      • Medication Use
      • Hospitalizations
  • Mortality
    
    • Number of Deaths
    • Age-Standardized Rates by Sex
    • Age-Standardized Rates by Province
    • Age-Standardized Potential Years of Life Lost (PYLL)
    • Trends and Projections
  • Economic Burden
  • Modifiable Risk Factors for Diabetes
    
    • Obesity
      
      • Obesity in the General Population
      • Obesity by Diabetes Status
    • Physical Inactivity
      
      • Physical Inactivity in the General Population
      • Physical Inactivity by Diabetes Status
    • Income Inadequacy
  • Risk Factors for Diabetes Complications
    
    • Smoking
    • High Blood Pressure
  • Long-Term Complications of Diabetes
    • Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke
    • Vision Problems
    • Kidney Failure
  • Diabetes and Aboriginal Peoples
    • Prevalence of Diabetes
      
      • Diabetes Rates are Very High Among Aboriginal Peoples
      • Most Aboriginal Peoples with Diabetes are Women
      • Diabetes Rates Vary Substantially Across the Country
      • The Prevalence of Diabetes is Increasing
    • Complications of Diabetes
      
      • Increased Risk of Cardiovascular Disease (heart disease)
      • Higher Prevalence of Hypertension (high blood pressure)
      • Increased Risk of Stroke
      • More Lower Limb Amputations
      • Higher Rates of Kidney Disease and Dialysis - Especially for Aboriginal People with Diabetes
      • Higher Rates of Eye Disease
      • Frequent Instances of Peripheral Neuropathy
    • Groups Needing Special Focus in Diabetes Initiatives
      
      • Children - Instances of Aboriginal Children with a Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes
      • Women - Higher Prevalence, Risk of Complications of Pregnancy, and Future Risk for the Child
  • Main Data Sources
    • National Population Health Survey (NPHS), 1994-1995
      
      • Health File
      • Institution File
    • National Population Health Survey (NPHS), 1996-1997
      
      • Health Share File
      • Longitudinal Share File
    • Aboriginal Peoples Survey (APS), 1991 (Adults)
    • General Social Survey (GSS), 1985, 1991 (Health Cycle)
    • National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth (NLSCY), 1994-1995
    • Statistics Canada Mortality Data
    • IMS (Intercontinental Medical Statistics) Canada
      
      • IMS Canadian Disease and Therapeutic Index
      • IMS Canada Compuscript
  • Limitations of Current National Data Sources
    • Limitations on Diabetes Information
      
      • Incomplete Data Sources
      • Survey Data Are Unsubstantiated
      • Inability to Capture Undiagnosed Diabetes
      • Inaccurate Mortality Data
      • Type 1 and 2 Diabetes Undifferentiated
      • Small Samples in National Surveys
      • Lack of Aboriginal Data
      • Different Methodologies in National Surveys
    • Limitations on Risk Factor Information
      
      • Lack of National Risk Factor Surveillance System
      • Physical Measures in Few National Surveys
      • Social Desirability Bias in Self-Reports
• Prevention of Diabetes and Long-Term Complications
  
  • Primary Prevention: Preventing Diabetes
  • Secondary Prevention: Early Detection of Diabetes Through Screening
  • Tertiary Prevention: Preventing or Delaying the Complications of Diabetes
  • Education: Key Role in Tertiary Prevention
• Opportunities for Improved Diabetes Surveillance, Prevention, and Control
  
  • Diabetes Today - A Summary of the Evidence
  • Addressing the Problem
  • Conclusion
• References
• Glossary
• Appendix A - Diabetes Council of Canada Member Organizations
• Appendix B - General Information
  
  • Diabetes Mellitus
    
    • Description
      
      • Type 1 Diabetes – General Information
      • Type 2 Diabetes – General Information
      • Gestational Diabetes Mellitus – General Information
      • Associated Conditions
      Symptoms and Diagnostic Testing
      
      • Symptoms
      • Diagnostic Testing
      Treatment/Management of Diabetes for type 1 and type 2
      
      • Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
      Risk Factors for Diabetes
      
      • Type 1 Diabetes - Risk Factors
      • Type 2 Diabetes - Risk Factors
      • Gestational Diabetes - Risk Factors
      Long-Term Complications of Diabetes – General Information
      
      • Cardiovascular Disease
      • Kidney Disease (Nephropathy)
      • Blindness
      • Nervous System Disease (Neuropathy)
      • Lower Extremity Amputations (LEA)
      • High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)
      • Dental Disease
      • Complications of Pregnancy (for women with pre-existing diabetes)
      • Other Complications

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