Home > Infectious Diseases > Canada Communicable Disease Report > 2014 Volume 40 > CCDR: Volume 40-3, February 7, 2014 > Text Equivalent
This is a combined bar and line graph showing the number of pertussis cases, in bars, and the incidence rate of pertussis per 100,000 population, using a line, in Canada over time. The primary y axis is the number of cases and ranges from 0 to 25,000. The secondary y axis is the incidence rate per 100,000 population and ranges from 0 to 250 cases per 100,000. The x axis is year and ranges from 1924 to 2012. The years in which immunization programs were introduced are also depicted as follows:
The overall trend of the graph can be broken down into six sections
Within each overarching trend described above, peaks in activity are observed every 2 to 5 years.
This is a line graph that shows the number of pertussis cases and hospitalizations in Canada over time. The primary y axis is number of cases and ranges from 0 to 10,000. The secondary y axis is number of hospitalizations and ranges from 0 to 2,500. The x axis is year and ranges from 1995 to 2012. There are three lines; one for the number of nationally reported cases of pertussis via the Canadian Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (CNDSS), one for the number of pertussis hospital admission recorded by the Canadian Immunization Monitoring Program Active (IMPACT) and one for the number of pertussis hospitalizations recorded in the national Hospital Morbidity Database (HMD). The HMD line only goes to 2010. All three lines show similar trends which can be broken down into 4 main sections:
This is a line graph that shows the incidence rate of pertussis per 100,000 population by age group in years in Canada over time. The y axis is the incidence rate per 100,000 population and ranges from 0 to 300. The x axis is year and ranges from 1980 to 2012. In the graph there is a line for each of 11 age groups (<1, 1 to 4, 5 to 9, 10 to 14, 15 to 19, 20 to 24, 25 to 29, 30 to 39, 40 to 59, >60, and unknown); however, the incidence rates of cases over 15 years of age and of those with unknown age are so low compared to the younger age groups the values are not discernible.
The less than one year age group has the highest incidence each year. The second highest incidence rate is the 1 to 4 year age group from 1980 to 1996, the 5 to 9 age group from 1997 to 1999, the 10 to 14 age group from 2000 to 2005, the 1 to 4 age group from 2006 to 2011 and the 10 to 14 age group in 2012. The less than one group had its lowest incidence in 1984 with 25 cases per 100,000 and highest incidence in 1994 with 270 cases per 100,000. In 2012, the less than one group had 121 cases per 100,000.
This is a 100 percent stacked bar graph showing the percentage of cases by age group in years in Canada over time. The y axis is year ranging from 1990 to 2012. The x axis is percentage ranging from 0 to 100%. The following age groups are represented each year: less than 1 year, 1 to 4 years, 5 to 9 years, 10 to 14 years, 15 to 19 years and 20 years and over.
The trend depicted is one of shifting age distribution over time with three distinct time periods. From 1990 to 1999 the 1 to 4 and 5 to 9 age groups have the greatest percentage of cases. From 2000 to 2005 the percentage of cases in the 10 to 14 and 15 to 19 year age groups increase over time to the predominant age groups. From 2007 to 2012 cases are more evenly distributed among these groups.
This figure contains 13 line graphs that are stacked vertically and illustrate the incidence rate of pertussis for each province and territory in Canada over time. There is a y axis for each graph for incidence rate per 100,000 with ranges in value varying by province and territory. The x axis depicts year and ranges from 1995 to 2012. The incidence rate values for each year are not discernible. Instead, the graph illustrates the variation in incidence rate trends by province and territory. All provinces and territories experienced a decline in incidence rate from 1995 to 2011 but there is asynchrony in the pattern of decline in terms of timing of 2-5 year peaks and magnitude of these peaks. The ranges in incidence rate by province and territory are provided as follows:
This is a combined bar and symbol graph showing the number of pertussis hospital admissions in bars and the number of those cases that died using a diamond symbol that were identified in the Canadian Immunization Monitoring Program Active (IMPACT) surveillance system over time. The primary y axis is the number of IMPACT cases and ranges from 0 to 300. The secondary y axis is the number of deaths and ranges from 0 to 8. The x axis is year and ranges from 1991 to 2012. Peaks in cases occur every 2 to 5 years are visible. A decline in cases from the 1990s to 2012 is depicted. After peaks of over 250 cases in 1994 and 1998 the case count declines and stays below 100 cases from 2005 to 2011. In 2012 there were 101 cases and 3 deaths. The number of deaths ranges from 0 to 4 and are sporadic with no clear trend.
This figure is a histogram with the number of cases ranging from zero to 35 on the y axis, and age in years ranging from zero to 69 on the x axis. The bars in the histograms are either dark, representing 164 cases in religious communities A and B, or light, representing 273 cases in the general population.
The highest bar in the histogram is at 30 in the 0-1 year age group from the religious communities. The number of pertussis cases in religious communities then gradually tapers off to 1 in the 15 year age group with a slight increase in the mid-twenties to mid-thirties and a few sporadic cases between 40 and 50 year olds.
In contrast, the highest bar in the histogram in the general population is at 23 in the 13 year age group, whereas only 14 cases were observed in the 0-1 year age group. The number of pertussis cases in the general population then generally tapers off to 5 in the 8 year age group followed by a rapid rise in number of cases peaking in the 13 year age group. The number of cases in the general population then generally decreases to 1 case by age 19 and up to 5 cases by age 21. There are few cases in the rest of that decade, generally 1-7 cases in the mid-thirties to the mid-fifties and then only occasional cases until the mid-sixties.
This figure is a histogram with number of cases ranging from zero to 25 on the y axis, and time by week from November 1, 2011 to April 15, 2013 on the x axis. There are six types of stacking bars in the histogram representing six types of cases: general population probable, general population confirmed, religious community A probable, religious community A confirmed, religious community B probable and religious community B confirmed.
Two waves are present. The first wave peaks at the end of December 2011, with mostly confirmed cases in religious community A and some probable cases in religious community A. The second wave peaks mid-June 2012 with mostly confirmed cases in the general population, and some probable cases in the general population. There are some confirmed and probable cases from religious community B sporadically throughout the second wave and a mix of confirmed and probable cases from religious community A mostly in the second half of the second wave.
This figure is a line graph with rate per 100,000 population on the y axis and time ranging from 1993 to 2013 (year to date) on the x axis. There are 4 lines: one representing the entire province of BC, and 3 representing select health authorities (the Fraser Health Authority, the Vancouver Coastal Health Authority, and the Vancouver Island Health Authority) that experienced cyclical peaks in pertussis activity in 2012 or 2013. The two highest peaks occurred in 2000 and 2003, most notably in the Vancouver Island Health Authority with levels in this health authority between 50-60 per 100,000 population. There were lesser peaks in 1996 with levels for all select health authorities ranging between 17-26 per 100,000 population and an even smaller peak in 2012 with levels ranging between 8-16 per 100,000 population. Overall, since the peak in 2003, provincial incidence rates declined to a historical low of 1 per 100,000 in 2011. Following the minor cyclical peak in 2012, rates declined in 2013 (year-to-date) provincially and in all select health authorities with the exception of the Vancouver Island Health Authority where rates increased to 18 per 100,000.
This is a stacked bar and line graph with number of tests on the primary (left) y axis, percent positivity on the secondary (right) y axis and the months of the year ranging from January to December on the x axis. The bars show total tests for each month of 2011, 2012 and 2013, with darker shading on the top of each of the bars indicating the number of positive tests for each month of each year. Lines depicted on the secondary y axis show percent positivity per month for each of the 3 years. The figure shows that testing was lowest for 2011 and highest for 2012, with the number of tests peaking in March 2012. Test-positivity rates were comparable across all years, with the highest percent positivity occurring in July and August in all 3 years.
This is a line graph with rate per 100,000 population on the y axis and age in years on the x axis ranging from 0 to 40 and over. There are lines for 6 different years, representing years of cyclical peak pertussis activity in BC: 1993, 1996, 2000, 2003, 2012, and 2013 (year-to-date). All lines except those for 2000 and 2003 show a higher incidence in infants under 1 year of age ranging from 60-230 per 100,000. In 1993 and 1996, additional smaller peaks were observed among pre-school and early schoolaged children (4 years of age in 1993 and 4, 7, and 9 years of age in 1996). In 2000, peak rates were observed among pre-teens aged 8-12 of between 210-300 per 100,000, surpassing rates among young infants under 1 year of age of 169 per 100,000. In 2003, there was also a peak in pre-teens/teens at 11-13 years of age of ~150 per 100,000, again surpassing rates among young infants under 1 year of age of 131 per 100,000. In 2012, there was a small additional peak at 12-13 years of age of just over 50 per 100,000; however, rates were lower than those among infants under 1 year of age of 64 per 100,000. In 2013 (year-to-date), only those less than 1 year had rates over 50 per 100,000.
This is two graphs (Panels A and B) stacked on top of each other. The top graph (Panel A) is a line graph with incidence rate on the y axis and year on the x axis ranging from 1993 to 2013 (year-to-date). There are 7 lines, one for each of the following age groups: less than 1 year, 1 to 4 years, 5 to 9 years, 10 to 13 years, 14 to 15 years, 16 to 19 years and 20 years and over. The less than 1 age group has the highest incidence rate in all years except from 2000 to 2004 and in 2007 when the 10 to 13 year age group had the highest incidence rate. All lines show a similar pattern with notable cyclical peaks occurring in 1996, 2000, and 2003, and a minor peak occurring in 2012. Overall, incidence rates decreased between 2003 and 2011 in all age groups until the minor cyclical peak in 2012, except among adults where they have remained at stable low levels throughout the monitoring period. Incidence rates vary considerable by age group in peak years: in 1996 from 3 to 231 per 100,000; in 2000 from 9 to 233 per 100,000; in 2003 from 6 to 143 per 100,000; and in 2012 from 5 to 64per 100,000. In each of these peak years rates were lowest in adults and highest in infants (1996, 2012) or pre-teens/teens (2000, 2003).
The bottom graph (Panel B) is a stacked column showing the proportion of cases by age group and year. The y axis is the proportion of cases and ranges from 0 to 100%. The x axis is year ranging from 1993 to 2013 (year-to-date). Each year includes coloured bars for the following age groups: less than 1 year, 1 to 4 years, 5 to 9 years, 10 to 13 years, 14 to 15 years, 16 to 19 years and 20 years and over. From 1993 to 2004, the proportion of cases decreased in the less than 1 year, 1 to 4 year and 5 to 9 year age groups and increased in the 10 to 13 year, 14 to 15 year, 16 to 19 year and 20 and overage groups. The increasing proportion of cases among those 20 years and over continued until 2013 (year-to-date). Otherwise, the distribution by age group between 2005 and 2013 was relatively stable with no major trends observed.
This figure includes two maps of BC, one for 2012 and one for 2013, in which the borders of the health authorities (thick red line) and health service delivery areas (HSDA; thin grey line) within those health authorities are shown. The incidence rates per 100,000 population for each HSDA are provided with rates above 10 per 100,000 more darkly shaded. In 2012, incidence incidence rates above 10 per 100,000 were observed in select HSDAs within the Interior, Fraser Health and Vancouver Coastal Health Authorities. Incidence rates ranged from 0.7 to 2.6 per 100,000 in the Northern Health Authority, from 4.2 to 11.2 per 100,000 in the Interior Health Authority, 6.7 to 23.9 per 100,000 in the Fraser Health Authority, 0 to 9.6 per 100,000 in the Vancouver Island Health Authority and 3.0 to 36.5 per 100,000 in the Vancouver Coastal Health Authority. In 2013, incidence rates above 10 per 100,000 were observed in select HSDAs within the Interior and Vancouver Island Health Authorities. Incidence rates ranged from 0 to 2.7 per 100,000 in the Northern Health Authority, from 1.3 to 33.7 per 100,000 in the Interior Health Authority, from 2.8 to 5.1 per 100,000 in the Fraser Health Authority, from 14.7 to 19.3 per 100,000 in the Vancouver Island Health Authority and from 0.5 to 6.1 per 100,000 in the Vancouver Coastal Health Authority.