ARCHIVED - Canadian Integrated Surveillance Report: Salmonella, Campylobacter, verotoxigenic E. coli and Shigella, from 2000 to 2004

 

Salmonella Isolates from Non-human Sources

There were 1971, 2050, 2009, 2415 and 1668 Salmonella isolates from non-human sources sent to the LFZ from 2000 to 2004, respectively (these numbers excluded quality assurance and research isolates) (See Appendix A – Section 5). The number of isolates by province and year is shown in Table 11. Isolates with unknown province of origin were excluded from the analysis. Non-human isolates from the CIPARS abattoir and retail components are included in the total Salmonella isolate counts reported by the LFZ in 2002 (abattoir), 2003 and 2004. For more detailed CIPARS information, please refer to the CIPARS website and reports (http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/cipars-picra/index_e.html). The absence of an appropriate denominator does not allow for a calculation of rates, therefore the following analysis includes only total counts.

Isolates sent to the LFZ for passive surveillance of diagnostic isolates or for government or industry monitoring are not necessarily provincially representative. The number of submissions can vary by place and time, therefore the data should be interpreted with caution. The abattoir component of CIPARS however, is more representative and stable over time. The non-human data should not be considered an indication of magnitude. However, the data can be useful to establish general trends, recognize emerging or re-emerging serovars and provide an overview of the various serovars identified from non-human sources.

Table 11: Number of non-human Salmonella isolates by province, 2000 to 2004, LFZ*
  2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
NL
45
13
29
37
24
PEI
27
13
20
12
16
NS
51
47
49
54
33
NB
33
36
42
50
16
QC
188
207
197
347
494
ON
1405
1369
1387
1463
967
MB
63
76
61
124
34
SK
15
10
9
45
36
AB
122
259
205
247
36
BC
16
16
8
25
9

*An additional 26 foreign isolates included samples from imported/visiting animals or food products (2000, 6; 2001, 4; 2002, 2; 2003, 11; 2004, 3).

Top 10 Serovars

The top 10 Salmonella serovars from non-human sources reported by source to the LFZ, between 2000 and 2004, are listed in Table 12. S. Heidelberg was the most frequently reported serovar in chicken and turkey isolates over the five-year period, while S. Typhimurium was most frequently reported in bovine and porcine isolates. At least nine of the top 10 serovars from human cases were represented in the top 10 serovars from nonhuman sources over the five- year period.

Table 12: Top 10 Salmonella serovars (number) isolated from non-human sources reported, by source, 2000 to 2004 combined, LFZ*
BOVINE CHICKEN PORCINE TURKEY
1
S. Typhimurium var Copenhagen
(284)
S. Heidelberg
(1616)
S. Typhimurium var Copenhagen
(329)
S. Heidelberg
(563)
2
S. Typhimurium
(282)
S. Kentucky
(661)
S. Typhimurium
(272)
S. Senftenberg
(127)
3
S. Kentucky
(148)
S. Typhimurium
(189)
S. Derby
(160)
S. Saintpaul
(78)
4
S. Muenster
(70)
S. Hadar
(145)
S. Infantis
(81)
S. ssp I:ROUGH-O:r:1,2
(63)
5
S. Newport
(65)
S. ssp I:ROUGH-O:r:1,2
(119)
S. Brandenburg
(53)
S. Montevideo
(44)
6
S. Heidelberg
(30)
S. Thompson
(118)
S. Heidelberg
(33)
S. Agona
(41)
7
S. Thompson
(28)
S. Brandenburg
(101)
S. Agona
(27)
S. Newport
(35)
8
S. Montevideo
(24)
S. Schwarzengrund
(88)
S. Mbandaka
(25)
S. Brandenburg
(29)
9
S. ssp I:18:-:-
(22)
S. Enteritidis
(87)
S. London
(18)
S. Muenster
(29)
10
S. Cerro
(21)
S. Mbandaka
(84)
S. Bovismorbificans
(17)
S. Bredeney
(27)

* Bold indicates that the serovar was also among the top 10 Salmonella serovars isolated from human cases in any of the 5 years (2000 to 2004).

Serovars Increasing in Frequency

Table 13 lists the Salmonella serovars from nonhuman sources, showing an increase in reporting frequency (by source) in at least four consecutive years from 2000 to 2004.

Table 13: Salmonella serovars from non-human sources, by source, 2000 to 2004, LFZ
Serovar 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
BOVINE
 
 
 
 
 
S. ssp I:18:-:-
1
3
6
9
3
S. Mbandaka
0
2
4
7
2
CHICKEN
 
 
 
 
 
S. Agona
3
8
10
14
9
S. Hadar
24
26
28
48
19
S. Kentucky
89
130
156
160
126
S. Mbandaka
13
19
22
24
6
PORCINE
 
 
 
 
 
S. Bovismorbificans
0
1
2
10
4
S. Derby
7
17
24
70
42
S. Schwarzengrund
0
1
3
6
4
S. Senftenberg
1
0
2
5
6
TURKEY
 
 
 
 
 
S. Montevideo
7
5
6
11
15
S. Saintpaul
1
1
6
19
51

 

Non-human Salmonella Isolate Sources

The sources of non-human isolates of S. Typhimurium, S. Enteritidis, S. Heidelberg and S. Hadar are summarized in Figures 20-23 (note the different scales used) (See Appendix A – Section 5). If the “source” was not indicated or did not correspond to one of the listed categories, it was classified as “Other”.

S. Heidelberg, S. Hadar, and S. Enteritidis were largely isolated from poultry (e.g. chicken and turkeys), with the majority of isolates coming from environmental or animal sources. A large number of S. Typhimurium isolates were also from chicken although bovine and porcine sources remained the major source.

Figure 20: S. Typhimurium isolates from non-human sources, 2000 to 2004

Figure 21: S. Hadar isolates from non-human sources, 2000 to 2004

Figure 22: S. Heidelberg isolates from non-human sources, 2000 to 2004

Figure 23: S. Enteritidis isolates from non-human sources, 2000 to 2004

Companion Animals as a Reservoir for Salmonella

Horses and birds were the most common sources of Salmonella isolates from companion animals (Table 14). S. Typhimurium was the most frequently identified serovar, making up 34% of all Salmonella isolates from companion animals. Companion animal isolates may also have included isolates from animals used for research purposes.

Table 14: Salmonella serovars isolated from companion animals, 2000 to 2004, LFZ
Serovar Birds Cats Dogs Horses Reptiles Other Warmblooded* Other Coldblooded Total
S. Typhimurium
92
15
4
77
3
22
0
213
S. Heidelberg
25
0
11
50
0
6
0
92
S. Typhimurium var.
Copenhagen
39
4
4
19
0
11
0
77
S. Mbandaka
1
0
1
13
9
1
0
25
S. Enteritidis
2
0
0
1
1
11
0
15
S. Thompson
4
0
3
7
0
1
0
15
Other serovars
35
8
20
49
54
27
3
196
Total
198
27
43
216
67
79
3
633

* Other warm-blooded animals include all other animals that did not correspond to these categories


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