Appendix 2
Variables Employed as Covariates

The following covariates were used as control variables in all analyses:

• Sex of respondent (male, female)
• Sex of child (male, female)
• Respondent’s year of birth (year)
• Child has any sibling (yes, no)
• Respondent ever married (yes, no)
• Respondent in common-law union (yes, no)
• Single parenthood (yes, no)
• Respondent’s education (years of schooling)
• Respondent working full time (yes, no)
• Respondent working part time (yes, no)
• Respondent in labour force (yes, no)
• Household monthly income ($)
• Immigration status (immigrant, born Canadian)
• Anglophone (yes, no)
• Francophone (yes, no)