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Final Report: Estimating the Number of Persons co-infected with Hepatitis C Virus and Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Canada

Tables

Table 1 - Estimated HIV prevalence by exposure category Canada, December 1999

	MSM	MSM-IDU	IDU	Hetero/ endemic	Other	Total
	29,600 59.4%	2,100 4.2%	9,700 19.5%	8,000 16.1%	400 0.8%	49,800 100.0%
95% lower limit 95% upper limit	26,000 33,600	1,600 2,600	7,900 11,700	6,100 10,100	330 520	45,200 54,600
* Source Bureau of HIV/AIDS, STD, and TB .Centre for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Health Canada

Table 2 - Prevalence of HCV infection among HIV-infected men who have sex with men recruited in different settings and locations

Author	Ref	Location	Year	Setting	"	HCV positive	95%CI*
Bodsworth	24	Sydney Australia	1984-85	TD clinic 478	12%	9.2-15%
Wormser	25	New York City USA	1987+	Medical service	31	0.0%	0.0-11%
Ndimbe	26	Pittsburg USA	1984-85	MACS cohort study	207	5.8%	3.0-9.9%
Francisi	27	Italy	1985-92	Infect disease clinic	30	6.7%	0.8-22%
Corona	28	Rome	1989	STD clinic	195	2.1%	0.6-5.2%
Sonnerborg	29	Stockholm Sweden	1988-89	Infect disease clinic	59	14%	6.0-25%
Anand	30	Alberta Canada	1988-89	HIV laboratory	54	9.3%	3.1-20%
Craib	31	Vancouver Canada	1982-84	General practice	322	4.3%	2.4-7.2%
Weinstock	37	New York City USA	1989-93	Hospital patients	575	14%	11-17%
Quaranta	41	France	1988-91	Clinic patients	68	2.9%	0.4-10%
Dorucci	42	Italy	NA**	Cohort study	121	12%	6.5-19%
Ockenga	43	Hannover Germany	1993-94	Outpatient clinic	122	4.9%	1.8-10%
* CI = confidence interval ** NA = not available

Table 3 - Prevalence of HCV infection among HIV-infected injection drug users recruited in different settings and locations

Author	Ref	Location	Year	Setting	"	positive	95%CI*
Crofts	32	Australia	1970+	Review article	-	18-94%
Crofts	33	Victoria Australia	1990-91	Social networks	14	79%	49-95%
Rodriguez	34	Gran Canaria Spain	1993-94	Drug treatment unit	26	92%	75-99%
Wormser	25	New York City	1987+	Medical service	58	65%	50-78%
Coppola	35	Sardinia, Italy	1992-93	Drug treatment unit	32	91%	75-95%
Francisi	27	Italy	1985-92	Infect disease clinic	351	72%	67-76%
Sonnerborg	29	Stockholm Sweden	1988-89	Infect disease clinic	52	94%	84-99%
Thio	36	Baltimore, USA	1988-89	Cohort study	559	98%	96-99%
Weinstock	37	New York City USA	1989-93	Hospital patients	582	81%	78-85%
Quaranta	41	France	1988-91	Special study	97	78%	69-86%
Dorucci	42	Italy	NA**	Cohort study	207	88%	83-92%
Ockenga	43	Hannover Germany	1993-94	Outpatient clinic	64	64%	51-76%
Thomas	-	Baltimore, USA	1988-89	Special study	405	93%	90-96%
* CI = confidence interval ** NA = not available

Table 4 - Prevalence of HCV infection among persons HIV-infected by heterosexual contact recruited in different settings and locations

Author	Ref	Location	Year	Setting	"	HCV positive	95%CI*
Quaranta	41	France	1988-91	Special study	82	18%	11-28%
Dorucci	42	Italy	NA**	Cohort study	81	20%	12-30%
Ockenga	43	Hannover Germany	1993-94	Outpatient clinic	33	9.1%	1.9-24%
* CI = confidence interval ** NA = not available

Table 5 - Prevalence of HCV infection among HIV-infected hemophilia patients recruited in different settings and locations

Author	Ref	Location	Year	Setting	"	HCV positive	95%CI*
Weinstock	37	New York City USA	1989-93	Hospital patients	35	90%	76-97%
Ockenga	43	Hannover Germany	1993-94	Outpatient clinic	13	77%	46-95%
Brenner	44	Israel	1991-92	Clinic patients	11	82%	48-98%
* CI = confidence interval

Table 6 - Estimates of HCV prevalence among HIV-infected persons by exposure category established by key informants

	Best Estimate	Plausible lower limit	Plausible upper limit	Degree of weighting
Men who have sex with men	4.0%	2.0%	7.0%	0.80-1.25
Injection drug users	82%	70%	95%	0.88-1.12
Men who have sex with men who also injected drugs	80%	65%	98%	0.88-1.12
Persons born in HIV-endemic countries	1.5%	1.0%	2.3%	None
Other persons infected by hetero contact	3.0%	1.0%	6.0%	0.80-1.25
Persons infected by blood transfusion	10%	7.0%	14%	See donors
Persons infected by clotting factors	90%	86%	98%	None

Table 7 - Estimate of HCV prevalence among HIV-infected persons by exposure category and geographic region, Canada, December 1999

	MSM	MSM-IDU	IDU	Endemic	hetero	Other factors	Clotting Transfusion
Ontario Quebec British Columbia Alberta Prairies Atlantic Yukon / NWT	4.2% 3.5% 4.8% 4.2% 3.5% 3.2% 4.5%	82.0% 73.0% 88.0% 82.0% 73.0% 70.0% 85.0%	83.0% 75.0% 92.0% 83.0% 75.0% 72.0% 87.0%	1.5% 1.5% 1.5% 1.5% 1.5% 1.5% 1.5%	3.2% 2.6% 3.6% 3.1% 2.6% 2.4% 3.6%	90.0% 90.0% 90.0% 90.0% 90.0% 90.0% 90.0%	11.2% 5.8% 16.2% 10.8% 5.8% 4.2% 14.3%
Canada	4.0%	79.9%	82.4%	1.5%	3.0%	90.0%	10.0%

Table 8a- Estimate of HCV-HIV-infected persons by exposure category Canada, December 1999

	MSM	MSM-IDU	IDU	Endemic	hetero	Other factors	Clotting Transfusion	Total
Number Proportion (%) 95% lower limit 95% upper limit	1,193 10.7% 760 1,800	1,648 14.7% 1,200 2,200	7,921 70.8% 6,300 9,900	63 0.6% 41 88	118 1.1% 56 220	237 2.1% 190 300	15 0.1% 11 21	11,194 100.0% 9,400 13,300

Table 8b - Estimate of HCV-HIV-infected persons by geographic region Canada, December 1999

	Onatrio	Quebec	British Columbia	Alberta	Prairies	Atlantic	Yukon/ NWT	Canada
Number Proportion (%) 95% lower limit 95% upper limit	2,773 24.8% 2,300 3,300	3,800 33.9% 3,200 4,500	3,196 28.6% 2,600 3,800	759 6.8% 640 900	365 3.3% 310 430	191 1.7% 160 230	110 1.0% 91 130	11,194 100.0% 9,400 13,300

Table 9 - Proportion of study population with Aboriginal status and prevalence of HIV and HCV infection among Aboriginal population, selected published studies

Author Ref. no.	Region Setting Study year Sample size	Gender	Proportion Aboriginal	HIV prevalence			HCV prevalence
Author Ref. no.	Region Setting Study year Sample size	Gender	Proportion Aboriginal	Aboriginal	Non- Aboriginal	Total	HCV prevalence
Strathdee 7	Vancouver VIDUS (IDU) 1996-97 n = 1,006	Women and men	27.0% (272/1,006)	29.4% (80/272)	20.8% (153/734)	23.2% (233/1,006)	88.0% (440/500)
Heath 8	Vancouver Vanguard (MSM) 1996-98 n = 681	Women and men	8.4% (57/681)	3.5% (2/57)	1.4% (9/624)	1.6% (11/681)	--

Table 10 - Number of HIV-infected Aboriginal persons by exposure category Canada, 1999

	MSM	MSM-IDU	IDU	Hetero	Other	Total
Proportion (%)	620 22.6%	170 6.2%	1,500 54.7%	420 15.3%	30 1.1%	2,740 100.0%

* Source Bureau of HIV/AIDS, STD, and TB. Centre for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Health Canada

Table 11a - HCV-HIV infections among the Aboriginal population by exposure category, Canada, 1999

	MSM	MSM-IDU	IDU	hetero	Other factors	Clotting Transfusion	Total
Number Proportion (%) 95% lower limit 95% upper limit	26 1.8% 19 35	145 9.8% 68 287	1,284 86.9% 873 1,836	13 0.9% 5 28	6 0.4% 3 12	3 0.2% 1 5	1,477 100% 1,027 2,094

Table 11b - HCV-HIV infections among the Aboriginal population by geographic region, Canada, 1999

	Total	Proportion	95% lower limit	95% upper limit
Ontario Quebec British Columbia Alberta Prairies Atlantic Territories	101 96 820 196 213 6 45	7% 6% 56% 13% 14% 0% 3%	49 66 571 137 149 4 31	142 136 1,162 278 302 8 64
Canada	1,477	100%	1,027	2,094

* Numbers of federal prisoners in Prairies are estimated by interpolation

Table 12 -History of drug injection and prevalence of HIV and HCV infection among injection drug users incarcerated in Canadian federal or provincial prisons, selected published studies

Author Ref. no.	Region Setting Study year Sample size	Gender	History drug injection	HIV prevalence			HCV prevalence
Author Ref. no.	Region Setting Study year Sample size	Gender	History drug injection	IDU	Non- IDU	Total	IDU	Non- IDU	Total
Calzavara 12	Ontario 42 prov. prisons 1993 n = 14,284	Men Women Total	13.1% (1,316/10,047) 20.7% (309/1,492) 14.1% (1,625/11,539)	3.6% (43/1,184) 4.2% (11/262) 3.7% (54/1,446)	0.6% (45/7,640) 0.5% (5/1,024) 0.6% (50/8,664)	1.0% (88/8,824) 1.2% (16/1,286) 1.0% 104/10,110)	-- -- --	-- -- --	-- -- --
Dufour 13	Quebec City Quebec Detention Centre 1994 n = 651	Men Women Total	26.2% (129/492) 37.8% (45/119) 28.5% (174/611)	8.5% (11/129) 15.6% (7/45) 10.3% (18/174)	0.0% (0/363) 2.7% (2/74) 0.5% (2/437)	2.2% (11/492) 7.6% (9/119) 3.3% (20/611)	-- -- --	-- -- --	-- -- --
Ford 14	Kingston Federal prison 1994 n = 592	Men	12.0% (71/592)	1.0% (4/408)			27.2% (111/408)
Ford 15	Kingston Federal prison 1994 n = 133	Women	Not given	0.9% (1/113)			39.8% (45/113)
Ford 17	Kingston Federal prison 1998 n = 520	Men	37.4% (131/350)	3.8% (5/131)	0.5% (1/219)	1.7% (6/350)	73.3% (96/ 131)	9.6% (21/ 219)	33.4% (117/ 350)
Hankins 19	Quebec Federal prison Year unknown n = 248	Women	52.4% (130/248)	14.6% (19/130)	0.0% (0/118)	7.7% (19/248)	--	--	--
Hankins 20	Quebec 2 prov. prisons 1990 n = 588	Men	48.4% (237/490)	7.6% (18/237)	0.4% (1/253)	3.9% (19/490)	--	--	--
Hankins 21	Quebec Federal prison Year unknown n = 1,638	Women	48.7% (192/394)	13.0% (25/192)	1.0% (2/202)	6.9% (27/394)	--	--	--
Prefontaine 22	British Columbia Federal prisons Year unknown n = 415	Men	Not given	--			25.5% (106/415)
Rothon 23	British Columbia Prov. prisons 1992 n = 2,719	Women and Men	32.6% (964/2,953)	2.4% (18/744)	0.6% (10/1,735)	1.1% (28/2,479)	--	--	--

Table 13 - Incarcerated population at risk for HIV, proportions, populations and numbers geographic region, Canada, 1999

	Population				MSM	MSM-IDU	IDU	Endemic	Other hetero	Clotting factors	Transfusion
	Fed.	Prov.	Total	Proportion at HIV risk	0.03	0.01	0.3	0.05	0.05	0.001	0.03
Ontario Quebec BC Alberta Manitoba Saskatchewan Atlantic Yukon NWT	3,554 3,732 1,902 1,600 750 950 1,284	7,778 3,302 2,517 1,957 908 1,177 1,176 79 351	11,332 7,034 4,419 3,557 1,658 2,127 2,460 79 351		340 211 133 107 50 64 74 2 11	113 70 44 36 17 21 25 1 4	3,400 2,110 1,326 1,067 497 638 738 24 105	567 352 221 178 83 106 123 4 18	567 352 221 178 83 106 123 4 18	11 7 4 4 2 2 2 0 0	340 211 133 107 50 64 74 2 11
Canada	13,772	19,245	33,017		991	330	9,905	1,651	1,651	33	991

Table 14a - HCV-HIV infections among prisoners by exposure category Canada, 1999

	MSM	MSM-IDU	IDU	Endemic	hetero	Other factors	Clotting Transfusion	Total
Number Proportion (%) 95% lower limit 95% upper limit	4 0.6% 2 7	65 10.7% 44 93	536 87.7% 365 766	0 0.0% 0.1 0.4	0 0.0% 0.1 0.2	5 0.9% 4 7	0 0.0% 0 0	611 100.0% 420 870

Table 14b - HCV-HIV infections among prisoners by geographic region, Canada, 1999

	Onatrio	Quebec	British Columbia	Alberta	Manitoba	Sask	Atlantic	Yukon	NWT	Canada
Number Proportion (%) 95% lower limit 95% SS upper limit	168 27.5% 115 239	141 23.2% 96 202	133 21.8% 91 190	79 13.0% 54 113	22 3.6% 15 32	28 4.7% 19 41	32 5.2% 22 45	2 0.3% 1 3	5 0.9% 4 8	611 100.0% 420 870

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Final Report: Estimating the Number of Persons co-infected with Hepatitis C Virus and Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Canada

Tables