The Chief Public Health Officer’s Report on the State of Public Health in Canada, 2012

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Influencing Health – The Importance of Sex and Gender

Table of Contents

• A Message from Canada’s Chief Public Health Officer
• Acknowledgements
• Executive Summary
• Introduction
  • Why a report on the state of public health in Canada?
  • The goals of the report
  • What this report is about
  • What does the report cover?
• Part I: The State of Public Health in Canada
  • Chapter 1: The State of Public Health in Canada
    • Who we are
    • Our health
    • Factors influencing health
    • Summary
• Part II: Sex, Gender and the Health of Canadians
  • Chapter 2: Sex, Gender and Public Health
    • Clarifying sex and gender
    • Why sex and gender matter to public health
    • Sex, gender and the broader determinants of health
    • Sex- and gender-based analysis: a tool
    • Summary
  • Chapter 3: Sex, Gender and Health Outcomes
    • Physical Health
    • Mental Health
    • Sexual Health
    • Summary
  • Chapter 4: Incorporating Sex and Gender into Health Interventions
    • Section One: Sex and gender and public health interventions
      • Integrating sex and gender into health research
      • Integrating sex and gender in public health practice
    • Section Two: Sex and gender in select health outcomes
      • Sex, gender and physical health
      • Sex, gender and mental health and well-being
      • Sex, gender, healthy relationships and sexual health
    • Section Three: Sex and gender and socio-economic determinants
    • Summary
• Part III: A Path Forward
  • Chapter 5: Sex, Gender and Public Health – A Path Forward
    • A time to act
• Appendix A: List of Acronyms
• Appendix B: Body mass index cut-points
• Appendix C: Indicators of Our Health and Factors Influencing Our Health
• Appendix D: Definitions and Data Sources for Indicators
• References

Figures

• Figure 1.1 Population distribution by age group, Canada, 1976, 2011 and 2036
• Figure 1.2 Life expectancy at birth by sex and neighbourhood income quintiles, Canada, 2005–2007
• Figure 1.3 Excellent or very good self-perceived health and mental health by age group, Canada, 2010
• Figure 1.4 Proportion of Canadians reporting one or more chronic health conditions by age group, Canada, 2010
• Figure 1.5 Self-reported back problems by sex and age group, Canada, 2010
• Figure 1.6 Self-reported high blood pressure by sex, origin and select age groups, Canada, 2010
• Figure 1.7 Self-reported mood disorder by sex and age group, Canada, 2010
• Figure 1.8 Number of deaths by select causes and sex, Canada, 2008
• Figure 1.9 Age-standardized mortality rate by sex and select causes of death, Canada, 2008
• Figure 1.10 Age-standardized potential years of life lost by sex and select causes of death, Canada, 2008
• Figure 1.11 High school non-completion rate by sex, population aged 20 to 24 years, Canada, 1990/1991 to 2010/2011
• Figure 1.12 Unemployment rate by select age groups and sex, Canada, 1990 to 2011
• Figure 1.13 Average after-tax income for economic families (two or more persons), 2010 constant dollars, Canada, 1976 to 2009
• Figure 1.14 Population living in low income by sex, Canada, 1976 to 2009
• Figure 1.15 Current smokers by sex and age group, Canada, 1999 and 2010
• Figure 1.16 Frequent heavy drinking by sex and age group, Canada, 2010
• Figure 1.17 Cannabis use in the past 12 months by sex and age group, Canada, 2010
• Figure 1.18 Age-specific fertility rate by select age groups, Canada, 1960 to 2009
• Figure 1.19 Sexually transmitted infection rates by sex and select age groups, Canada, 2009
• Figure 1.20 Body mass index by sex and age group, Canada, 2007–2009
• Figure 1.21 Consulting a doctor by origin and sex, Canada, 2010
• Figure 1.22 Dental and eye doctor visits in the past 24 months by sex and age group, Canada, 2010

Tables

• Table 1.1 Our health status
• Table B.1 Body mass index for children and youth aged 2 to 17 years
• Table B.2 Body mass index for adults aged 18 years and older
• Table C.1 Who we are
• Table C.2 Our health status
• Table C.3 Factors influencing our health
• Table D.1 Low income cut offs after tax, Canada, 2009

Textboxes

• The Role of Canada’s Chief Public Health Officer
• The Chief Public Health Officer’s Report on the State of Public Health in Canada
• Incorporating sex and gender into research
• The Health Portfolio's Sex and Gender-Based Analysis Policy
• Approaches to implementing Aboriginal sex- and gender-based analysis
• Changing perspectives with a sex- and gender lens on a public health issue: the HPV example
• Healthy Dads, Healthy Kids
• Canadian Association for the Advancement of Women and Sport and Physical Activity
• Targeting women: The Heart Truth campaign
• Australia's Men's Sheds program.
• Addressing youth and violence
• Healthy Relationships Curriculum – Men for Change
• Raising awareness about age, gender and sexual health
• Breaking down barriers: sexual minority youth and education
• Increasing access to sexual health care: the Immigrant Women’s Health Clinic
• Supporting Aboriginal fathers
• Acknowledging the importance of father’s involvement

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