Appendix C: The Chief Public Health Officer's Report on the State of Public Health in Canada 2011 – Definitions and data sources for indicators

Appendix C: Definitions and Data Sources for Indicators

- A -

Aboriginal (2006)^{Footnote 15}

This is a collective name for the original peoples of North America and their descendants. The Constitution Act of 1982 recognizes three groups of Aboriginal peoples – Indians, Inuit and Métis – each having unique heritages, languages, cultural practices and spiritual beliefs.

Data Source
Table 3.1: Statistics Canada. (2010-12-01). Age groups, Rural/Urban area, Immigrant status, Aboriginal Identity and Sex for Persons 12 to 29 years of age in Private Households of Canada, 2006 Census – 20% sample data [Custom Data File].

Table B.1: Statistics Canada. (2010-10-06). Aboriginal identity population by age groups, median age and sex, 2006 counts for both sexes, for Canada, provinces and territories – 20% sample data [Data File].

First Nations (single response) (2006)^{Footnote 15, Footnote 858}

A term commonly used beginning in the 1970s to replace Indian. Although the term First Nation is widely used, no legal definition of it exists. Among its uses, the term 'First Nations peoples' refers generally to the Indian Peoples in Canada, both Status and Non-Status. Single identity refers to those persons who reported identifying with First Nations only.

Data Source
Table 3.1: Statistics Canada. (2010-12-01). Age groups, Rural/ Urban area, Immigrant status, Aboriginal Identity and Sex for Persons 12 to 29 years of age in Private Households of Canada, 2006 Census – 20% sample data [Custom Data File].

Table B.1: Statistics Canada. (2010-10-06). Aboriginal identity population by age groups, median age and sex, 2006 counts for both sexes, for Canada, provinces and territories – 20% sample data [Data File].

Inuit (single response) (2006)^{Footnote 15, Footnote 858}

Inuit are the Aboriginal People of Arctic Canada who live primarily in Nunavut, the Northwest Territories and northern parts of Labrador and Quebec. Single identity refers to those persons who reported identifying with Inuit only.

Data Source
Table 3.1: Statistics Canada. (2010-12-01). Age groups, Rural/ Urban area, Immigrant status, Aboriginal Identity and Sex for Persons 12 to 29 years of age in Private Households of Canada, 2006 Census – 20% sample data [Custom Data File].

Table B.1: Statistics Canada. (2010-10-06). Aboriginal identity population by age groups, median age and sex, 2006 counts for both sexes, for Canada, provinces and territories – 20% sample data [Data File].

Métis (single response) (2006)^{Footnote 15, Footnote 858}

A term which is used broadly to describe people with mixed First Nations and European ancestry who identify themselves as Métis, distinct from Indian people, Inuit or non-Aboriginal people. Single identity refers to those persons who reported identifying with Métis only.

Data Source
Table 3.1: Statistics Canada. (2010-12-01). Age groups, Rural/ Urban area, Immigrant status, Aboriginal Identity and Sex for Persons 12 to 29 years of age in Private Households of Canada, 2006 Census – 20% sample data [Custom Data File].

Table B.1: Statistics Canada. (2010-10-06). Aboriginal identity population by age groups, median age and sex, 2006 counts for both sexes, for Canada, provinces and territories – 20% sample data [Data File].

Alcohol dependence (2002)^{Footnote 210, Footnote 859}

Alcohol dependence is defined as tolerance, withdrawal, loss of control or social or physical problems related to alcohol use. This measure was estimated using the Alcohol Dependence Scale (Short Form Score) based on a subset of items from the Composite International Diagnostic Interview developed by Kessler and Mroczek for those aged 15 years and older.

Data Source
Table B.2: Government of Canada. (2006). The Human Face of Mental Health and Mental Illness in Canada.

Alzheimer's disease and other dementias (2008)^{Footnote 860}

The DSM-III-R criteria were used to classify people as demented or not. Differential diagnoses used the NINCDS-ADRDA and DSM-IV criteria for Alzheimer's disease; the ICD-10 and the NINDS-AIREN criteria were used to define vascular dementia; operational criteria for Lewy body dementia were taken from McKeith et al. (1996). Those without dementia were classified as cognitively impaired but not demented (CIND), or as cognitively normal. Reisberg's Global Deterioration Scale was used for rating cognitive and functional capacity in all diagnoses.

Data Source Table B.2: Smetanin, P., Kobak, P., Briante, C., Stiff, D., Sherman, G., & Ahmad, S. (2009). Rising Tide: The Impact of Dementia in Canada 2008 to 2038 ; and Statistics Canada. CANSIM Table 051-0001 Estimates of population, by age group and sex for July 1, Canada, provinces and territories, annual. All computations on these microdata were prepared by Public Health Agency of Canada and the responsibility for the use and interpretation of these data is entirely that of the author(s).

Anxiety disorders (2009)^{Footnote 210, Footnote 861}

Individuals with anxiety disorders experience excessive anxiety, fear or worry, causing them to either avoid situations that might precipitate the anxiety or develop compulsive rituals that lessen the anxiety. This measure was estimated as the population who reported that they have been diagnosed by a health professional as having a phobia, obsessive-compulsive disorder or a panic disorder.

Data Source
Table 3.4 Statistics Canada. Canadian Community Health Survey, 2009: Annual [Share Microdata File]. Ottawa, Ontario: Statistics Canada. All computations on these microdata were prepared by Public Health Agency of Canada and the responsibility for the use and interpretation of these data is entirely that of the author(s).

Table B.2: Statistics Canada. Canadian Community Health Survey, 2009: Annual [Share Microdata File]. Ottawa, Ontario: Statistics Canada. All computations on these microdata were prepared by Public Health Agency of Canada and the responsibility for the use and interpretation of these data is entirely that of the author(s).

Arthritis (2009)^{Footnote 221}

Population who reported having arthritis, including rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, but excluding fibromyalgia, as diagnosed by a health professional.

Data Source
Table B.2: Statistics Canada. (2011-06-28). CANSIM Table 105-0501 Health indicator profile, annual estimates, by age group and sex, Canada, provinces, territories, health regions (2007 boundaries) and peer groups, occasional [Data File].

Asthma (2009)^{Footnote 221}

Population who reported having asthma as diagnosed by a health professional.

Data Source
Table 3.6: Statistics Canada. Canadian Community Health Survey, 2009: Annual [Share Microdata File]. Ottawa, Ontario: Statistics Canada. All computations on these microdata were prepared by Public Health Agency of Canada and the responsibility for the use and interpretation of these data is entirely that of the author(s).

Table B.2: Statistics Canada. (2011-06-28). CANSIM Table 105-0501 Health indicator profile, annual estimates, by age group and sex, Canada, provinces, territories, health regions (2007 boundaries) and peer groups, occasional [Data File].

Average after-tax annual income (2008)^{Footnote 862}

Average income after tax is total income, which includes government transfers, less income tax.

Data Source
Table 3.2: Statistics Canada. (2010-12-01). Average before and after tax income, Canada, (current dollars) [Custom Data File].

- C -

Cancer incidence (2007, 2010)^{Footnote 863}

Estimated number of people diagnosed with new primary sites of cancers.

Data Source
Table 3.6: Public Health Agency of Canada, Canadian Council of Cancer Registries, and Statistics Canada. (2009-11-17). Cancer Surveillance On-Line [Data File] and Statistics Canada. CANSIM Table 051-0001 Estimates of population, by age group and sex for July 1, Canada, provinces and territories, annual. All computations on these microdata were prepared by Public Health Agency of Canada and the responsibility for the use and interpretation of these data is entirely that of the author(s).

Table B.2: Canadian Cancer Society's Steering Committee. (2010). Canadian Cancer Statistics, 2010. (Toronto: Canadian Cancer Society).

Cancers (2007)^{Footnote 864}

Deaths associated with malignant cancers (ICD-10 C00-C97) including but not limited to cancers of the lymph nodes, blood, brain and urinary tract.

Data Source
Table 3.5: Statistics Canada. (2010-12-07). Deaths 2007, All Chapters [Custom Data File] and Statistics Canada. CANSIM Table 051-0001 Estimates of population, by age group and sex for July 1, Canada, provinces and territories, annual. All computations on these microdata were prepared by Public Health Agency of Canada and the responsibility for the use and interpretation of these data is entirely that of the author(s).

Table B.2: Statistics Canada. (2010-11-08). CANSIM Table 102-0522 Deaths, by cause, Chapter II: Neoplasms (C00 to D48), age group and sex, Canada, annual [Data File]; and Statistics Canada. CANSIM Table 051-0001 Estimates of population, by age group and sex for July 1, Canada, provinces and territories, annual. All computations on these microdata were prepared by Public Health Agency of Canada and the responsibility for the use and interpretation of these data is entirely that of the author(s).

Chlamydia (2009)^{Footnote 865}

Estimated rate per 100,000 population, where Chlamydia (Chlamydia trachomatis) has been identified through laboratory testing.

Data Source Table 3.6: Public Health Agency of Canada. (2011-02-22). Reported cases and rates of chlamydia by age group and sex, 1991 to 2009 [Data File]; and Statistics Canada. (2010-06-18). Table 8 Estimated population by age group and sex, Canada, provinces and territories, July 1st, 2009 [Data File].

Table B.2: Public Health Agency of Canada. (2011-02-22). Reported cases and rates of chlamydia by age group and sex, 1991 to 2009 [Data File].

Cannabis use in the past year (2009)^{Footnote 866}

Persons who reported using cannabis in the 12 months preceding the interview.

Data Source
Table 3.7: Health Canada. Canadian Alcohol and Drug Use Monitoring Survey, 2009 [Public-Use Microdata File]. Ottawa, Ontario: Health Canada. All computations on these microdata were prepared by Public Health Agency of Canada and the responsibility for the use and interpretation of these data is entirely that of the author(s).

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2009)^{Footnote 861}

Respondents who reported having chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic bronchitis or emphysema.

Data Source
Table B.2: Statistics Canada. Canadian Community Health Survey, 2009: Annual [Share Microdata File]. Ottawa, Ontario: Statistics Canada. All computations on these microdata were prepared by Public Health Agency of Canada and the responsibility for the use and interpretation of these data is entirely that of the author(s).

Circulatory diseases (2007)^{Footnote 867}

Deaths associated with circulatory diseases (ICD I00-I99) including but not limited to ischaemic heart disease, cerebrovascular diseases and pulmonary heart conditions.

Data Source
Table 3.5: Statistics Canada. (2010-12-07). Deaths 2007, All Chapters [Custom Data File] and Statistics Canada. CANSIM Table 051-0001 Estimates of population, by age group and sex for July 1, Canada, provinces and territories, annual. All computations on these microdata were prepared by Public Health Agency of Canada and the responsibility for the use and interpretation of these data is entirely that of the author(s).

Table B.2: Statistics Canada. (2010-11-08). CANSIM Table 102-0529 Deaths, by cause, Chapter IX: Diseases of the circulatory system (I00 to I99), age group and sex, Canada, annual [Data File]; and Statistics Canada. CANSIM Table 051-0001 Estimates of population, by age group and sex for July 1, Canada, provinces and territories, annual. All computations on these microdata were prepared by Public Health Agency of Canada and the responsibility for the use and interpretation of these data is entirely that of the author(s).

Contact with dental professional in the past 12 months (2009)^{Footnote 861}

Persons who have consulted with a dental professional in the past 12 months.

Data Source
Table B.3: Statistics Canada. Canadian Community Health Survey, 2009: Annual [Share Microdata File]. Ottawa, Ontario: Statistics Canada. All computations on these microdata were prepared by Public Health Agency of Canada and the responsibility for the use and interpretation of these data is entirely that of the author(s).

Core housing need (2006)^{Footnote 868}

A household is in core housing need if it does not meet one or more of the adequacy, suitability or affordability standards and would have to spend 30 per cent or more of its before-tax income to pay the median rate of alternative local market housing that meets all three standards. Adequate housing does not require any major repairs. Suitable housing has enough bedrooms for the size and make-up of resident households according to National Occupancy Standard requirements. Affordable housing costs less than 30 per cent of before-tax household income.

Data Source
Table B.3: Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation. (2009). 2006 Census Housing Series: Issue 3 – The Adequacy, Suitability, and Affordability of Canadian Housing, 1991-2006.

Current smoker (2009)^{Footnote 760}

Respondents who have identified themselves as daily smokers and non-daily smokers (also known as occasional smokers).

Data Source
Table 3.7: Statistics Canada . Canadian Tobacco Use Monitoring Survey, 2009: Annual, Person File [Share Microdata File]. Ottawa, Ontario: Statistics Canada. All computations on these microdata were prepared by Public Health Agency of Canada and the responsibility for the use and interpretation of these data is entirely that of the author(s).

Table B.3: Health Canada. (2010-09-27). Table 1. Smoking status and average number of cigarettes smoked per day, by age group and sex, age 15+ years, Canada 2009 [Data File].

- D -

Diabetes prevalence (2004-2005, 2006-2007)^{Footnote 869}

The proportion of individuals that are affected by diagnosed diabetes at a given point in time and had at least one hospitalization with a diagnosis of diabetes or had at least two physician visits with a diagnosis of diabetes within a two-year period.

Data Source
Table 3.6: Public Health Agency of Canada. (2008-07-25). Diabetes Data – NDSS 2000-2001 to 2004-2005 Canadian, Provincial, and Territorial Data Tables (PDF) and Research Files (CSV) [Data File].

Table B.2: Public Health Agency of Canada. (2009). Report from the National Diabetes Surveillance System: Diabetes in Canada, 2009.

- E -

Engaged in leisure-time physical activity, moderately active or active (2009)^{Footnote 221}

Population who reported a level of physical activity, based on their responses to questions about the nature, frequency and duration of their participation in leisure-time physical activity. Respondents are classified as active, moderately active or inactive based on an index of average daily physical activity over the past three months. For each leisure-time physical activity engaged in by the respondent, average daily energy expenditure is calculated by multiplying the number of times the activity was performed by the average duration of the activity by the energy cost (kilocalories per kilogram of body weight per hour) of the activity. The index is calculated as the sum of the average daily energy expenditures of all activities. Respondents are classified as follows:

• 3.0 kcal/kg/day or more = physically active
• 1.5 to 2.9 kcal/kg/day = moderately active
• less than 1.5 kcal/kg/day = inactive

Data Source
Table B.3: Statistics Canada. (2011-06-28). CANSIM Table 105-0501 Health indicator profile, annual estimates, by age group and sex, Canada, provinces, territories, health regions (2007 boundaries) and peer groups, occasional [Data File].

- F -

Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure (2008)^{Footnote 870}

This indicator uses the warm seasonal (April 1 to September 30) average of 24-hour daily average concentrations, which is population-weighted to calculate trends and averages across monitoring stations located throughout the country.

Data Source
Table B.3: Environment Canada. (2010-11-10). Air Quality Data [Data File].

First Nations (2006)

See Aboriginal

Fruit and vegetable consumption (5+ times a day) (2009)^{Footnote 221}

Indicates the usual number of times (frequency) per day a person reported eating fruits and vegetables. Measure does not take into account the amount consumed.

Data Source
Table B.3: Statistics Canada. (2011-06-28). CANSIM Table 105-0501 Health indicator profile, annual estimates, by age group and sex, Canada, provinces, territories, health regions (2007 boundaries) and peer groups, occasional [Data File].

- G -

Gonorrhea (2009)^{Footnote 865}

Estimated rate per 100,000 population, where Gonorrhea (Neisseria gonorrhoeae) has been identified through laboratory testing.

Data Source Table 3.6: Public Health Agency of Canada. (2011-02-22). Reported cases and rates of gonorrhea by age group and sex, 1980 to 2009 [Data File]; and Statistics Canada. (2010-06-18). Table 8 Estimated population by age group and sex, Canada, provinces and territories, July 1st, 2009 [Data File] Table B.2: Public Health Agency of Canada. (2011-02-22). Reported cases and rates of gonorrhea by age group and sex, 1980 to 2009 [Data File]

Ground-level ozone exposure (2008)^{Footnote 870}

This indicator uses the warm seasonal (April 1 to September 30) average of daily eight-hour maximum average concentrations, which is population-weighted to calculate trends and averages across monitoring stations located throughout the country.

Data Source
Table B.3: Environment Canada. (2010-11-10). Air Quality Data [Data File].

- H -

Health-adjusted life expectancy (2001)^{Footnote 871}

An indicator of overall population health that combines measures of both age- and sex-specific health status, and age- and sex-specific mortality into a single statistic. It represents the number of expected years of life equivalent to years lived in full health, based on the average experience in a population.

Data Source
Table B.2: Statistics Canada. (2007-05-17). CANSIM Table 102-0121 Health-adjusted life expectancy, at birth and at age 65, by sex and income group, Canada and provinces, occasional (years) [Data File].

Heart disease (2009)^{Footnote 861}

Respondents who reported having heart disease.

Data Source
Table B.2: Statistics Canada. Canadian Community Health Survey, 2009: Annual [Share Microdata File]. Ottawa, Ontario: Statistics Canada. All computations on these microdata were prepared by Public Health Agency of Canada and the responsibility for the use and interpretation of these data is entirely that of the author(s).

Heavy drinking (5+ drinks on one occasion at least once a month in the past year) (2009)^{Footnote 221}

Population who reported having at least five drinks on a single occasion each month for the past 12 months.

Data Source
Table 3.7: Statistics Canada. Canadian Community Health Survey, 2009: Annual [Share Microdata File]. Ottawa, Ontario: Statistics Canada. All computations on these microdata were prepared by Public Health Agency of Canada and the responsibility for the use and interpretation of these data is entirely that of the author(s). Table B.3: Statistics Canada. (2011-06-28). CANSIM Table 105-0501 Health indicator profile, annual estimates, by age group and sex, Canada, provinces, territories, health regions (2007 boundaries) and peer groups, occasional [Data File].

High blood pressure (2009)^{Footnote 861}

Respondents who reported having high blood pressure or having used blood pressure medication in the past month.

Data Source
Table B.2: Statistics Canada. Canadian Community Health Survey, 2009: Annual [Share Microdata File]. Ottawa, Ontario: Statistics Canada. All computations on these microdata were prepared by Public Health Agency of Canada and the responsibility for the use and interpretation of these data is entirely that of the author(s).

High school graduates (2009, 2010)^{Footnote 200}

Persons who have received, at minimum, a high school diploma or, in Quebec, a completed Secondary V or, in Newfoundland and Labrador, completed fourth year of secondary.

Data Source
Table 3.2: Statistics Canada. (2010-12-01). LFS by education, detailed age, sex and province [Custom Data File].

Table B.3: Statistics Canada. (2011-01-21). CANSIM Table 282-0004 Labour force survey estimates (LFS), by educational attainment, sex and age group, annual [Data File].

HIV (2009)^{Footnote 319}

The number of new positive HIV tests occurring in 2009.

Data Source
Table 3.6: Public Health Agency of Canada. (2010). HIV and AIDS in Canada. Surveillance Report to December 31, 2009. (Ottawa: Surveillance and Risk Assessment Division, Centre for Communicable Diseases and Infection Control, Public Health Agency of Canada).

Table B.2: Public Health Agency of Canada. (2010). HIV and AIDS in Canada. Surveillance Report to December 31, 2009. (Ottawa: Surveillance and Risk Assessment Division, Centre for Communicable Diseases and Infection Control, Public Health Agency of Canada).

Hospitalizations due to injuries (2005/2006)

All records where the underlying cause of hospitalization is classified to ICD-10 Chapter XX, excluding adverse effects due to drugs or medical care.

Data Source
Table 3.6: Canadian Institute for Health Information. Hospital Morbidity Database, 2006. All computations on these data were prepared by Public Health Agency of Canada and the responsibility for the use and interpretation of these data is entirely that of the author(s).

- I -

Illicit drug use in the past year (2009)^{Footnote 866}

Persons who reported using an illicit drug (cannabis, cocaine, speed, ecstasy, hallucinogens, salvia or heroin) in the 12 months preceding the interview.

Data Source
Table B.3: Health Canada. (2010-06-30). Canadian Alcohol and Drug Use Monitoring Survey [Data File].

Illicit drug use excluding cannabis in the past year (2009)^{Footnote 866}

Persons who reported using an illicit drug (cocaine, speed, ecstasy, hallucinogens, salvia or heroin) in the 12 months preceding the interview.

Data Source
Table 3.7: Health Canada. Canadian Alcohol and Drug Use Monitoring Survey, 2009 [Public-Use Microdata File]. Ottawa, Ontario: Health Canada. All computations on these microdata were prepared by Public Health Agency of Canada and the responsibility for the use and interpretation of these data is entirely that of the author(s).

Immigrant (2006)^{Footnote 17}

Applies to a person who has been granted the right to permanently live in Canada by immigration authorities. It usually applies to persons born outside Canada but may also apply to a small number of persons born inside Canada to parents who are foreign nationals, and persons who are Canadian by birth born outside Canada to Canadian parents.

Data Source
Table 3.1: Statistics Canada. (2010-12-01). Age groups, Rural/Urban area, Immigrant status, Aboriginal Identity and Sex for Persons 12 to 29 years of age in Private Households of Canada, 2006 Census – 20% sample data [Custom Data File].

Table B.1: Statistics Canada. (2010-04-07). Immigrant Status and Place of Birth, Sex and Age Groups for the Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census – 20% Sample Data [Data File].

By birth place (2006)^{Footnote 872}

The concept of place of birth applies to the country of a respondent if born outside Canada. Respondents are to report their place of birth according to international boundaries in effect at the time of enumeration not at the time of birth.

Data Source
Table B.1: Statistics Canada. (2010-04-07). Immigrant Status and Place of Birth, Sex and Age Groups for the Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census – 20% Sample Data [Data File].

By years since immigration (2006)^{Footnote 17}

Year or period of immigration refers to a person who is a landed immigrant by the period of time in which he or she first obtained landed immigrant status.

Data Source
Table B.1: Statistics Canada. (2010-04-07). Place of Birth, Period of Immigration, Sex and Age Groups for the Immigrant Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2006 Census – 20% Sample Data [Data File].

Infant mortality rate (under one year) (2007)^{Footnote 873}

Infant mortality rate is the number of infant deaths occurring within the first year of life during a given year per 1,000 live births in the same year.

Data Source
Table B.2: Statistics Canada. (2010-02-22). CANSIM Table 102-0506 Infant deaths and mortality rates, by age group and sex, Canada, annual [Data File].

Infectious syphilis (2009)^{Footnote 865}

Estimated rate per 100,000 population, where infectious syphilis (including primary, secondary and early latent stages) has been identified through laboratory testing.

Data Source Table 3.6: Public Health Agency of Canada. (2011-02-23). Reported cases and rates of infectious syphilis by age group and sex, 1993 to 2009 [Data File]; and Statistics Canada. (2010-06-18). Table 8 Estimated population by age group and sex, Canada, provinces and territories, July 1st, 2009 [Data File]

Table B.2: Public Health Agency of Canada. (2011-02-22). Reported cases and rates of infectious syphilis by age group and sex, 1993 to 2009 [Data File].

Injuries and poisonings (2007)^{Footnote 270}

Deaths associated with injuries and poisonings (ICD-10 V01-Y89) including but not limited to transport incidents, falls, drowning and intentional self-harm.

Data Source
Table 3.5 Statistics Canada. (2010-12-07). Deaths 2007, All Chapters [Custom Data File] and Statistics Canada. CANSIM Table 051-0001 Estimates of population, by age group and sex for July 1, Canada, provinces and territories, annual. All computations on these microdata were prepared by Public Health Agency of Canada and the responsibility for the use and interpretation of these data is entirely that of the author(s).

Intentional self-harm (2007)^{Footnote 270}

Deaths associated with intentional self-harm (ICD-10 X60-X84) including but not limited to self-poisoning and exposure or self-harm.

Data Source
Table 3.5: Statistics Canada. (2010-12-07). Deaths 2007, All Chapters [Custom Data File] and Statistics Canada. CANSIM Table 051-0001 Estimates of population, by age group and sex for July 1, Canada, provinces and territories, annual. All computations on these microdata were prepared by Public Health Agency of Canada and the responsibility for the use and interpretation of these data is entirely that of the author(s).

Other unintentional injuries (2007)^{Footnote 270}

Deaths associated with other unintentional injures (ICD-10 W00-X59) including but not limited to falls, accidental poisonings, and accidental drowning.

Data Source
Table 3.5: Statistics Canada. (2010-12-07). Deaths 2007, All Chapters [Custom Data File] and Statistics Canada. CANSIM Table 051-0001 Estimates of population, by age group and sex for July 1, Canada, provinces and territories, annual. All computations on these microdata were prepared by Public Health Agency of Canada and the responsibility for the use and interpretation of these data is entirely that of the author(s).

Traffic incidents (2007)^{Footnote 270}

Deaths associated with transportation (ICD-10 V01-V99) including but not limited to incidents involving cars, trucks, watercrafts and off-road vehicles.

Data Source
Table 3.5 Statistics Canada. (2010-12-07). Deaths 2007, All Chapters [Custom Data File] and Statistics Canada. CANSIM Table 051-0001 Estimates of population, by age group and sex for July 1, Canada, provinces and territories, annual. All computations on these microdata were prepared by Public Health Agency of Canada and the responsibility for the use and interpretation of these data is entirely that of the author(s).

Inuit (2006)

See Aboriginal

- L -

Life expectancy at birth (2005-2007)^{Footnote 874}

Life expectancy is the number of years a person would be expected to live, starting at birth (for life expectancy at birth) or at age 65 (for life expectancy at age 65) if the age- and sex-specific mortality rates for a given observation period (such as a calendar year) were held constant over his/her life span.

Data Source
Table B.2: Statistics Canada. (2010-02-22). CANSIM Table 102-0512 Life expectancy, at birth and at age 65, by sex, Canada, provinces and territories, annual (years) [Data File].

Life satisfaction, satisfied or very satisfied (2009)^{Footnote 221}

Population who reported being satisfied or very satisfied with their life in general.

Data Source
Table 3.3: Statistics Canada. Canadian Community Health Survey, 2009: Annual [Share Microdata File]. Ottawa, Ontario: Statistics Canada. All computations on these microdata were prepared by Public Health Agency of Canada and the responsibility for the use and interpretation of these data is entirely that of the author(s).

- M -

Major depression (2002)^{Footnote 875}

Major depressive disorder is characterized by one or more major depressive episodes (at least two weeks of depressed mood and/or loss of interest in usual activities accompanied by at least four additional symptoms of depression).

• depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day, as indicated by either subjective report (for example, feels sad or empty) or observation made by others (for example, appears tearful);
• markedly diminished interest or pleasure in all, or almost all, activities most of the day, nearly every day (as indicated by either subjective account or observation made by others);
• significant weight loss when not dieting, or weight gain (for example, a change of more than 5% of body weight in a month), or decrease or increase in appetite nearly every day;
• insomnia or hypersomnia nearly every day;
• psychomotor agitation or retardation nearly every day (observable by others, not merely subjective feelings of restlessness or being slowed down);
• fatigue or loss of energy nearly every day;
• feelings of worthlessness or excessive or inappropriate guilt (which may be delusional) nearly every day (not merely self-reproach or guilt about being sick);
• diminished ability to think or concentrate, or indecisiveness, nearly every day (either by subjective account or as observed by others); and
• recurrent thoughts of death (not just fear of dying), recurrent suicidal ideation without a specific plan, or a suicide attempt or a specific plan for committing suicide.

Data Source
Table B.2: Government of Canada. (2006). The Human Face of Mental Health and Mental Illness in Canada.

Medically unattended injuries (2009)^{Footnote 861}

Population suffering an injury serious enough to limit normal daily activity but where medical attention was not sought within the 48 hours after the injury.

Data Source
Table 3.6: Statistics Canada. Canadian Community Health Survey, 2009: Annual [Share Microdata File]. Ottawa, Ontario: Statistics Canada. All computations on these microdata were prepared by Public Health Agency of Canada and the responsibility for the use and interpretation of these data is entirely that of the author(s).

Métis (2006)

See Aboriginal

Mood disorder (2009)^{Footnote 221}

Population who reported that they have been diagnosed by a health professional as having a mood disorder, such as depression, bipolar disorder, mania or dysthymia.

Data Source
Table 3.4: Statistics Canada. Canadian Community Health Survey, 2009: Annual [Share Microdata File]. Ottawa, Ontario: Statistics Canada. All computations on these microdata were prepared by Public Health Agency of Canada and the responsibility for the use and interpretation of these data is entirely that of the author(s).

- N -

Nervous system diseases (2007)^{Footnote 876}

Deaths associated with nervous system diseases (ICD-10 G00-G99) including but not limited to cerebral palsy and muscular dystrophy.

Data Source
Table 3.5: Statistics Canada. (2010-12-07). Deaths 2007, All Chapters [Custom Data File] and Statistics Canada. CANSIM Table 051-0001 Estimates of population, by age group and sex for July 1, Canada, provinces and territories, annual. All computations on these microdata were prepared by Public Health Agency of Canada and the responsibility for the use and interpretation of these data is entirely that of the author(s).

- O -

Obesity (2007-2009)^{Footnote 221}

According to the WHO and Health Canada guidelines, the index for body weight classification for the population aged 18 years and over, excluding pregnant females and persons less than 3 feet (0.914 metres) tall or greater than 6 feet 11 inches (2.108 metres) is: less than 18.50 (underweight); 18.50 to 24.99 (normal weight); 25.00 to 29.99 (overweight); 30.00 to 34.99 (obese, class I); 35.00 to 39.99 (obese, class II); 40.00 or greater (obese, class III).

Body mass index (BMI) is calculated by dividing the respondent's body weight (in kilograms) by their height (in metres) squared.

Data Source
Table B.2: Statistics Canada. Canadian Health Measures Survey, 2007-2009: Cycle 1 [Share Microdata File]. Ottawa, Ontario: Statistics Canada. All computations on these microdata were prepared by Public Health Agency of Canada and the responsibility for the use and interpretation of these data is entirely that of the author(s).

Overweight or obese (2007-2009)^{Footnote 221, Footnote 290}

The International Obesity Taskforce (IOTF) has implemented a new approach to measuring overweight and obesity among children because the measurements and classifications identified for adults do not accurately reflect those of children under 18 years of age. The index is calculated for the population aged 2 to 17 years, by gender and age in six-month intervals. See Table C.1 for intervals starting at age 12.

According to the WHO and Health Canada guidelines, the index for body weight classification for the population aged 18 years and over, excluding pregnant females and persons less than 3 feet (0.914 metres) tall or greater than 6 feet 11 inches (2.108 metres) is: less than 18.50 (underweight); 18.50 to 24.99 (normal weight); 25.00 to 29.99 (overweight); 30.00 to 34.99 (obese, class I); 35.00 to 39.99 (obese, class II); 40.00 or greater (obese, class III).

Body mass index (BMI) is calculated by dividing the respondent's body weight (in kilograms) by their height (in metres) squared.

Data Source
Table 3.6: Statistics Canada. Canadian Health Measures Survey, 2007-2009: Cycle 1 [Share Microdata File]. Ottawa, Ontario: Statistics Canada. All computations on these microdata were prepared by Public Health Agency of Canada and the responsibility for the use and interpretation of these data is entirely that of the author(s).

 

- P -

Paid employment rate (2008)^{Footnote 200}

Number of persons who, during the reference week, worked for pay or profit, or performed unpaid family work or had a job but were not at work due to their own illness or disability, personal or family responsibilities, labour dispute, vacation, or other reason. Those persons on layoff and persons without work but who had a job to start at a definite date in the future are not considered employed. Value represents the total employed population as a percentage of the total defined population.

Data Source
Table 3.2: Statistics Canada. (2010-12-01). LFS by education, detailed age, sex and province [Custom Data File].

Full-time (2008)^{Footnote 200}

Full-time employment consists of persons who usually work 30 hours or more per week at their main or only job. Value represents full-time employees as a percentage of the labour force.

Data Source
Table 3.2: Statistics Canada. (2010-12-01). LFS by education, detailed age, sex and province [Custom Data File].

Part-time (2008)^{Footnote 200}

Part-time employment consists of persons who usually work less than 30 hours per week at their main or only job. Value represents part-time employees as a percentage of the labour force.

Data Source
Table 3.2: Statistics Canada. (2010-12-01). LFS by education, detailed age, sex and province [Custom Data File].

People reporting food insecurity (2004)^{Footnote 877}

A situation that exists when people lack secure access to sufficient amounts of safe and nutritious food for normal growth and development and an active and healthy life.

Data Source
Table B.3: Health Canada. (2007). Canadian Community Health Survey Cycle 2.2, Nutrition (2004): Income-Related Household Food Security in Canada.

Perceived health, very good or excellent (2009)^{Footnote 221}

Population who reported perceiving their own health status as being either excellent or very good. Perceived health refers to the perception of a person's health in general, either by the person himself or herself, or, in the case of a proxy response, by the person responding. Health means not only the absence of disease or injury but also physical, mental and social well-being.

Data Source
Table 3.5: Statistics Canada. Canadian Community Health Survey, 2009: Annual [Share Microdata File]. Ottawa, Ontario: Statistics Canada. All computations on these microdata were prepared by Public Health Agency of Canada and the responsibility for the use and interpretation of these data is entirely that of the author(s).

Table B.2: Statistics Canada. (2011-06-28). CANSIM Table 105-0501 Health indicator profile, annual estimates, by age group and sex, Canada, provinces, territories, health regions (2007 boundaries) and peer groups, occasional [Data File].

Perceived life stress, quite a bit or extremely (2009)^{Footnote 221}

Population who reported perceiving that most days in their life were quite a bit or extremely stressful. Perceived life stress refers to the amount of stress in the person's life, on most days, as perceived by the person or, in the case of proxy response, by the person responding.

Data Source
Table 3.3: Statistics Canada. Canadian Community Health Survey, 2009: Annual [Share Microdata File]. Ottawa, Ontario: Statistics Canada. All computations on these microdata were prepared by Public Health Agency of Canada and the responsibility for the use and interpretation of these data is entirely that of the author(s).

Perceived mental health, very good or excellent (2009)^{Footnote 221}

Population who reported perceiving their own mental health status as being either excellent or very good. Perceived mental health refers to the perception of a person's mental health in general. Perceived mental health provides a general indication of the population suffering from some form of mental disease, mental or emotional problems, or distress, not necessarily reflected in perceived health.

Data Source
Table 3.3: Statistics Canada. Canadian Community Health Survey, 2009: Annual [Share Microdata File]. Ottawa, Ontario: Statistics Canada. All computations on these microdata were prepared by Public Health Agency of Canada and the responsibility for the use and interpretation of these data is entirely that of the author(s).

Table B.2: Statistics Canada. (2011-06-28). CANSIM Table 105-0501 Health indicator profile, annual estimates, by age group and sex, Canada, provinces, territories, health regions (2007 boundaries) and peer groups, occasional [Data File].

Persons living in low-income (after tax) (2009)^{Footnote 878}

The percentage of Canadian families who are likely to spend 20 per cent or more of their total post-tax income on necessities (food, clothing and footwear, and shelter) when compared to an average family of the same size, in the same broad community size. Low income is based on the consumption patterns for 1992 and adjusted for family size, community sizes and inflation based on the national Consumer Price Index (see Table C.2).

Data Source
Table B.3: Statistics Canada. (2011-05-25). CANSIM Table 202-0802 Persons in low income, annual [Data File].

Population (2006, 2010)^{Footnote 880}

Estimated population and population according to the census are both defined as being the number of Canadians whose usual place of residence is in that area, regardless of where they happened to be on Census Day. Also included are any Canadians staying in a dwelling in that area on Census Day and having no usual place of residence elsewhere in Canada, as well as those considered non-permanent residents.

The 2009 population estimates are derived by using final postcensal population estimates for July 1, 2006, updated postcensal population estimates from October 1, 2006 to April 1, 2009 and preliminary postcensal population estimates from July 1, 2009 and adjusted for incompletely enumerated Indian reserves.

Data Source
Table 3.1: Statistics Canada. (2011-04-07). Age and Sex for the Population of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Divisions and Census Subdivisions, 2006 Census – 100% Data [Data File]. Table B.1: Statistics Canada. (2010). April to June 2010. Quarterly Demographic Estimates, 24(2), 1-65.

Post-secondary graduates (2009, 2010)^{Footnote 200}

Persons who have completed a certificate (including a trade certificate), diploma or a minimum of a university bachelor's degree from an educational institution beyond the secondary level. This includes certificates from vocational schools, apprenticeship training, community colleges, Collège d'Enseignement Général et Professionnel (CEGEP), and schools of nursing.

Data Source
Table 3.2: Statistics Canada. (2010-12-01). LFS by education, detailed age, sex and province [Custom Data File].

Table B.3: Statistics Canada. (2011-01-21). CANSIM Table 282-0004 Labour force survey estimates (LFS), by educational attainment, sex and age group, annual [Data File].

Potential years of life lost^{Footnote 881}

Potential years of life lost are the number of years of life lost when a person dies prematurely from any cause – before age 75. A person dying at age 25, for example, has lost 50 years of life.

Premature mortality due to cancers (2005-2007)^{Footnote 881}

Potential years of life lost for all malignant neoplasms (ICD-10 C00-C97), such as colorectal, lung, female breast and prostate cancer, is the number of years of life lost when a person dies prematurely from any cancer – before age 75.

Data Source
Table B.2: Statistics Canada. (2011-02-25). CANSIM Table 102-4309 Mortality and potential years of life lost, by selected causes of death and sex, three-year average, Canada, provinces, territories, health regions and peer groups, occasional [Data File].

Premature mortality due to circulatory diseases (2005-2007)^{Footnote 881}

Potential years of life lost for all circulatory disease deaths (ICD-10 I00-I99), such as ischaemic heart disease, and cerebrovascular diseases, is the number of years of life lost when a person dies prematurely from any circulatory disease – before age 75.

Data Source
Table B.2: Statistics Canada. (2011-02-25). CANSIM Table 102-4309 Mortality and potential years of life lost, by selected causes of death and sex, three-year average, Canada, provinces, territories, health regions and peer groups, occasional [Data File].

Premature mortality due to HIV (2005-2007)^{Footnote 881}

Potential years of life lost for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection deaths (ICD-10 B20-B24) is the number of years of life lost when a person dies prematurely from AIDS/HIV – before age 75.

Data Source
Table B.2: Statistics Canada. (2011-02-25). CANSIM Table 102-4309 Mortality and potential years of life lost, by selected causes of death and sex, three-year average, Canada, provinces, territories, health regions and peer groups, occasional [Data File].

Premature mortality due to respiratory diseases (2005-2007)^{Footnote 881}

Potential years of life lost for all respiratory disease deaths (ICD-10 J00-J99), such as pneumonia and influenza, bronchitis, emphysema and asthma, is the number of years of life lost when a person dies prematurely from any respiratory disease – before age 75.

Data Source
Table B.2: Statistics Canada. (2011-02-25). CANSIM Table 102-4309 Mortality and potential years of life lost, by selected causes of death and sex, three-year average, Canada, provinces, territories, health regions and peer groups, occasional [Data File].

Premature mortality due to suicide and self-inflicted injuries (2005-2007)^{Footnote 881}

Potential years of life lost for suicides (ICD-10 X60-X84, Y87.0) is the number of years of life lost when a person dies prematurely from suicide – before age 75.

Data Source
Table B.2: Statistics Canada. (2011-02-25). CANSIM Table 102-4309 Mortality and potential years of life lost, by selected causes of death and sex, three-year average, Canada, provinces, territories, health regions and peer groups, occasional [Data File].

Premature mortality due to unintentional injuries (2005-2007)^{Footnote 881}

Potential years of life lost for unintentional injuries (ICD-10 V01-X59, Y85-Y86) is the number of years of life lost when a person dies prematurely from unintentional injuries – before age 75.

Data Source
Table B.2: Statistics Canada. (2011-02-25). CANSIM Table 102-4309 Mortality and potential years of life lost, by selected causes of death and sex, three-year average, Canada, provinces, territories, health regions and peer groups, occasional [Data File].

- R -

Regular family physician (2009)^{Footnote 221}

Population who reported that they have a regular medical doctor. In 2003 and 2005, the indicator in French only included "médecin de famille". Starting in 2007, this concept was widened to "médecin régulier", which includes "médecin de famille".

Data Source
Table B.3: Statistics Canada. (2011-06-28). CANSIM Table 105-0501 Health indicator profile, annual estimates, by age group and sex, Canada, provinces, territories, health regions (2007 boundaries) and peer groups, occasional [Data File].

Respiratory diseases (2007)^{Footnote 882}

Deaths associated with respiratory diseases (ICD J00-J99) including by not limited to respiratory infections, influenza and pneumonia.

Data Source Table B.2: Statistics Canada. (2010-11-08). CANSIM Table 102-0530 Deaths, by cause, Chapter X: Diseases of the respiratory system (J00 to J99), age group and sex, Canada, annual [Data File]; and Statistics Canada. CANSIM Table 051-0001 Estimates of population, by age group and sex for July 1, Canada, provinces and territories, annual. All computations on these microdata were prepared by Public Health Agency of Canada and the responsibility for the use and interpretation of these data is entirely that of the author(s).

- S -

Schizophrenia (2005)^{Footnote 210, Footnote 883}

Respondents who reported having been diagnosed with schizophrenia by a health professional. This is believed to underestimate the true prevalence since some people do not report that they have schizophrenia and the survey did not reach individuals who were homeless, in hospital or supervised residential settings.

Data Source
Table B.2: Statistics Canada. Canadian Community Health Survey, 2005: Cycle 3.1 [Share Microdata File]. Ottawa, Ontario: Statistics Canada. All computations on these microdata were prepared by Public Health Agency of Canada and the responsibility for the use and interpretation of these data is entirely that of the author(s).

Sense of community belonging, somewhat or very strong (2009)^{Footnote 221}

Population who reported their sense of belonging to their local community as being very strong or somewhat strong.

Data Source
Table 3.3: Statistics Canada. Canadian Community Health Survey, 2009: Annual [Share Microdata File]. Ottawa, Ontario: Statistics Canada. All computations on these microdata were prepared by Public Health Agency of Canada and the responsibility for the use and interpretation of these data is entirely that of the author(s).

Table B.3: Statistics Canada. (2011-06-28). CANSIM Table 105-0501 Health indicator profile, annual estimates, by age group and sex, Canada, provinces, territories, health regions (2007 boundaries) and peer groups, occasional [Data File].

Some post-secondary education (2009, 2010)^{Footnote 200}

Persons who worked toward, but did not complete, a degree, certificate (including a trade certificate) or diploma from an educational institution, including a university, beyond the secondary level. This includes vocational schools, apprenticeship training, community colleges, Collège d'Enseignement Général et Professionnel (CEGEP), and schools of nursing.

Data Source
Table 3.2: Statistics Canada. (2010-12-01). LFS by education, detailed age, sex and province [Custom Data File].

Table B.3: Statistics Canada. (2011-01-21). CANSIM Table 282-0004 Labour force survey estimates (LFS), by educational attainment, sex and age group, annual [Data File].

Suicidal thought in the past 12 months (2002)^{Footnote 884}

Population who reported having seriously thought about committing suicide or taking their own life in the past 12 months.

Data Source
Table 3.4: Statistics Canada. Canadian Community Health Survey, 2002: Cycle 1.2 [Share Microdata File]. Ottawa, Ontario: Statistics Canada. All computations on these microdata were prepared by Public Health Agency of Canada and the responsibility for the use and interpretation of these data is entirely that of the author(s).

- T -

Teen pregnancy rate (2008)^{Footnote 108}

Total number of pregnancies (including live births) for women aged 15 to 19 years per 1,000 female population.

Data Source
Table 3.7: Statistics Canada. (2011-04-26). CANSIM Table 102-4505 Crude birth rate, age-specific and total fertility rates (live births), Canada, provinces and territories, annual [Data File].

Table B.3: Statistics Canada. (2011-04-26). CANSIM Table 102-4505 Crude birth rate, age-specific and total fertility rates (live births), Canada, provinces and territories, annual [Data File].

- U -

Unemployment rate (2010)^{Footnote 200}

The unemployment rate is the number of unemployed persons expressed as a percentage of the labour force.

Data Source
Table B.3: Statistics Canada. (2011-01-21). CANSIM Table 282-0004 Labour force survey estimates (LFS), by educational attainment, sex and age group, annual [Data File].

Urban population (2006)^{Footnote 885}

An urban area has a minimum population concentration of 1,000 persons and a population density of at least 400 persons per square kilometre, based on the current census population count.

Data Source
Table 3.1: Statistics Canada. (2010-12-01). Age groups, Rural/Urban area, Immigrant status, Aboriginal Identity and Sex for Persons 12 to 29 years of age in Private Households of Canada, 2006 Census – 20% sample data [Custom Data File].

Table B.1: Statistics Canada. (2008-11-05). Population and dwelling counts, for urban areas, 2006 and 2001 censuses – 100% data [Data File].

- V -

Violent crime incidents (2009)^{Footnote 886}

Offences that deal with the application or threat of application, of force to a person including homicide, attempted murder, various forms of sexual and non-sexual assault, robbery and abduction, as well as traffic incidents that result in death or bodily harm.

Data Source
Table B.3: Dauvergne, M. & Turner, J. (2010). Police-reported crime statistics in Canada, 2009. Juristat, 30(2), 1-37.