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Canadian Integrated Program for Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance (CIPARS)
About CIPARS
- Background
- A Call for Action
- Building the System
- Overview
- Mandate
- Changes to CIPARS
- Contact Information
Changes to CIPARS
CIPARS is constantly evolving. Changes can include the addition of a new bacterial species, region or laboratory method. New official interpretation breakpoints are adopted as they become available. The following table summarizes the most important changes that should be taken into account when comparing results from various annual reports.
| Surveillance Component | Date | Change | Impact on Interpretation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sampling Changes | |||
| Retail component | Nov-2004 | Addition of the province of Saskatchewan to regular surveillance | Impacts national estimates but these are rarely generated for the retail component. |
| Retail component | Nov-2006 | Addition of the province of British Columbia to regular surveillance | Impacts national estimates but these are rarely generated for the retail component. |
| Abattoir component | Sep-2006 | Addition of Campylobacter spp to surveillance in beef cattle | None |
| Human clinical isolates | January 2008 | End of augmented surveillance of Salmonella Newport. Like in the case of other serovars, the National Microbiology Laboratory will test only isolates collected the first 15 days of each month in larger provinces (British Columbia, Alberta, Ontario and Quebec) and all isolates received in smaller provinces. | The reduction in the number of isolates of S. Newport received annually shoud not affect estimates of antimicrobial resistance prevalence. |
| Change to the laboratory procedures / tests | |||
| Retail component / Salmonella recovery method | Jan-2007 | Change of the Salmonella recovery method in retail meat for a more sensitive one | The change in recovery method substantially increased the number of Salmonella recovered from retail chicken. Both old and new recovery methods will be run in parallel until the number of isolates recovered with both methods is lare enough to evaluate the impact of this change on antimicrobial resistance results. Preliminary results indicate this change has no impact on the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance. |
| All components/ Salmonella and Escherichia. coli / new plate | Jan-20051 | Changed from plate CMV7CNCD to CMV1AGNF. Total number of antimicrobials tested went from 16 to 15. Cephalothin was removed from panel. Sulfamethoxazole was replaced by sulfisoxazole. | Reduction in the number of antimicrobials tested reduced the number of antimicrobials in the resistance pattern when cephalosporin resistance is involved. Change for sulfisoxazole did not have any impact on interpretation of results. |
| Retail component / Enterococcus / new plate | Jan-2005 | Changed from plate CMV5ACDC to CMV1AGPF. Salinomycin removed from panel. Daptomycin added. | Resistance to salinomycin was rare (<1%) and resistance to daptomycin has not been detected. No big impact on multiple drug resistance since no or very low resistance observed. |
| Retail component/ Campylobacter / new plate | Jan-2007 | Changed from E-test to Sensititre CAMPY plate. Chloramphenicol removed from panel. Florphenicol and telithromycin added. | No multiple drug resistance impact since chloramphenicol resistance was not observed. |
| Retail component / Enterococcus / new plate | Jan-2007 | Change from plate CMV1AGPF to CMV2AGPF. Bacitracin removed from panel. Tigecycline was added. | This had an impact on the prevalence of multidrug resistance since resistance to bacitracin was frequent (63%) and there has been no resistance to tigecycline detected to this point. Thus there are fewer antimicrobials in the resistance pattern. The denominator (# of antimicrobials tested) remains the same but the numerator will change with the new exclusion of bacitracin |
| Changes in Breakpoints / Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) Interpretation | |||
| All components where Campylobacter is tested | 30/03/2006 | Erythromycin Campylobacter breakpoint change from ≥ 8 ug/ml to ≥32 ug/ml | In theory, would have decreased the percentage of resistant isolates. However, the impact was minimal since there were very few isolates which grew at MICs between the previous and the new breakpoint. |
| All components where Campylobacter is tested | 10/07/2006 | Azythromycin Campylobacter breakpoint change from ≥2 ug/ml to ≥8 ug/ml | In theory, would have decreased the percentage of resistant isolates. However, the impact was minimal since there were very few isolates which grew at MICs between the previous and the new breakpoint. |
| All components where Campylobacter is tested | 10/07/2006 | Clindamycin Campylobacter breakpoint change from ≥4 ug/ml to ≥8 ug/ml | In theory, would have decreased the percentage of resistant isolates. However, the impact was minimal since there were very few isolates which grew at MICs between the previous and the new breakpoint. |
| All components where Campylobacter is tested | 10/07/2006 | Gentamicin Campylobacter breakpoint change from ≥16 ug/ml to ≥8 ug/ml | In theory, would have increased the percentage of resistant isolates. However, the impact was minimal since there were very few isolates which grew at MICs between the previous and the new breakpoint. |
| All components where Campylobacter is tested | 10/07/2006 | Nalidixic acid Campylobacter breakpoint change from ≥32 ug/ml to ≥64 ug/ml | In theory, would have decreased the percentage of resistant isolates. However, the impact was minimal since there were very few isolates which grew at MICs between the previous and the new breakpoint. |
1 Change made in April 2004 for isolates from the Surveillance of Human Clinical Isolates
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