| Antimicrobial | ATC Class | DDD/1,000 inhabitant-days | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000 | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | |||
| Roman numerals I to III indicate the ranking of antimicrobials based on importance in human medicine as outlined by the Veterinary Drugs Directorate. ATC = Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical. DDD = Defined daily dose. NPD = No prescriptions dispensed. NC = Not classified. |
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| I | Amoxicillin and enzyme inhibitor | Combinations of penicillins, including β-lactamase inhibitors (J01CR) | 0.51 | 0.52 | 0.50 | 0.52 | 0.52 | 0.59 | 0.64 | 0.67 | 0.71 | 0.75 |
| Cefixime | Third-generation cephalosporins (J01DD) | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.07 | |
| Ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin | Fluoroquinolones (J01MA) | 1.83 | 1.93 | 1.99 | 2.08 | 2.09 | 2.08 | 2.14 | 2.09 | 2.06 | 2.03 | |
| Vancomycin | Glycopeptides (J01XA) | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | |
| Metronidazole | Imidazole (J01XD) | NPD | 0.21 | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.22 | 0.23 | 0.24 | 0.23 | 0.24 | 0.24 | |
| Linezolid | Linezolid (J01XX) | NPD | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | |
| II | Ampicillin, amoxicillin, pivampicillin | Penicillins with extended spectrum (J01CA) | 5.07 | 4.90 | 4.63 | 4.57 | 4.38 | 4.52 | 4.61 | 4.43 | 4.43 | 4.54 |
| Penicillin G, penicillin V | β-lactamase sensitive penicillins (J01CE) | 0.67 | 0.63 | 0.60 | 0.60 | 0.55 | 0.56 | 0.62 | 0.58 | 0.58 | 0.56 | |
| Cloxacillin | β-lactamase resistant penicillins (J01CF) | 0.37 | 0.35 | 0.32 | 0.31 | 0.28 | 0.25 | 0.24 | 0.21 | 0.19 | 0.18 | |
| Cephalexin, cefadroxil | First-generation cephalosporins (J01DB) | 0.75 | 0.77 | 0.80 | 0.85 | 0.87 | 0.92 | 1.00 | 0.97 | 0.98 | 0.98 | |
| Cefaclor, cefprozil, cefuroxime axetil | Second-generation cephalosporins (J01DC) | 1.39 | 1.22 | 1.05 | 1.00 | 0.94 | 0.96 | 0.91 | 0.83 | 0.80 | 0.78 | |
| Sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim, sulfadiazine and trimethoprim | Combinations of sulfonamides and trimethoprim, including derivatives (J01EE) | 1.39 | 1.25 | 1.12 | 1.04 | 0.92 | 0.84 | 0.84 | 0.78 | 0.77 | 0.76 | |
| Azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin | Macrolides (J01FA) | 3.64 | 3.62 | 3.42 | 3.57 | 3.43 | 3.77 | 3.86 | 3.75 | 3.73 | 3.79 | |
| Clindamycin | Lincosamides (J01FF) | 0.24 | 0.27 | 0.28 | 0.31 | 0.32 | 0.32 | 0.36 | 0.37 | 0.38 | 0.39 | |
| Tobramycin | Aminoglycosides (J01GB) | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | NPD | < 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | |
| Nalidixic acid | Other quinolones, excluding fluoroquinolones (J01MB) | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | NPD | < 0.01 | |
| Erythromycin-sulfisoxazole | Sulfonamide combinations, excluding trimethoprim (J01RA) | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | |
| Fusidic acid | Steroid antibacterials (J01XC) | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | |
| III | Doxycycline, minocycline, tetracycline | Tetracyclines (J01AA) | 2.72 | 2.62 | 2.54 | 2.50 | 2.40 | 2.42 | 2.47 | 2.39 | 2.39 | 2.41 |
| Chloramphenicol | Amphenicols (J01BA) | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | NPD | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | NPD | NPD | NPD | NPD | |
| Trimethoprim | Trimethoprim and derivatives (J01EA) | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | |
| Sulfamethizole, sulfapyridine, sulfisoxazole | Short-acting sulfonamides (J01EB) | 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | NPD | |
| Sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole | Intermediate-acting sulfonamides (J01EC) | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | |
| Nitrofurantoin | Nitrofuran derivatives (J01XE) | 0.42 | 0.44 | 0.45 | 0.47 | 0.49 | 0.52 | 0.57 | 0.58 | 0.61 | 0.66 | |
| Fosfomycin | Fosfomycin (J01XX) | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | < 0.01 | |
| NC | Methenamine | Methenamine (J01XX) | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | < 0.01 | 0.01 |
| Total (J01) | 19.23 | 18.93 | 18.11 | 18.21 | 17.58 | 18.13 | 18.64 | 18.03 | 18.00 | 18.20 | ||